Electroacupuncture at Acupoints Reverses Plasma Glutamate, Lipid, and LDL/VLDL in an Acute Migraine Rat Model: A¹H NMR-Based Metabolomic Study

Figure 6

The number of head-scratching and the concentration of metabolites from control, NTG, EA, and NA groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance were accordingly conducted among four groups. Each column represents the mean, with the SEM shown by error bars. (a) The number of head-scratching from control, NTG, EA, and NA groups after NTG injection (𝑛=6). *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01. (b) Differences in plasma levels of 22 metabolites were detected in nitroglycerin-induced rats compared with controls. LDL/VLDL, lipid were drastically decreased and glutamate was significantly increased in NTG group relative to control group (𝑛=10). **𝑃<0.01. (c) The metabolites changes of glycometabolism among control, NTG, EA, and NA group. EA group reversed plasma metabolite changes in NTG group (𝑛=10). *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01. (d) The metabolite changes of lipid metabolism among four groups (𝑛=10). *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01. (e) The metabolite changes of amino acids metabolism among four groups (𝑛=10). *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01. (f) Significant differences of metabolite changes between EA and NA group (𝑛=10). *𝑃<0.05.

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