|
Phytochemical | Dose | Animal model | Mode of action | References |
|
Baicalin | 80 mg/kg | HFD fed rats | Targeting the hepatic AMPK | [45] |
|
5-Caffeoylquinic acid, 3.5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 5-feruloylquinic acid | 5 M | HFD fed C57BL/6J mice | Down-regulating hepatic SREBP-1c | [46] |
|
Carvacrol | 0.1 g% in diet | HFD fed C57BL/6N mice | Activating hepatic SIRT1-AMPK signaling | [47] |
|
Curcumin | 1 g% in diet | MCD diet fed rats | Inhibition of hepatic NF-kB activation | [48] |
25 g/kg | MCD diet fed rats | Inhibition of stellate cell activation | [49] |
15, 30 or 60 mg/kg | Fructose-fed rats | Inhibition of PTP1B and subsequently improvement of insulin and leptin sensitivity | [50] |
|
(−)-Epigallocatechin -3-gallate | 1 g/L in drinking water | HFD fed C57BL/6J mice | Inhibition of hepatic lipid accumulation | [51] |
0.05 or 0.1% in diet | nSREBP-1c transgenic mice | Reducing hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance and oxidative stress | [52] |
|
Lycopene | 4 mg/kg | HFD fed rats | Improvement of insulin resistance and oxidative stress | [53] |
|
Myricetin | 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg | HFD fed rats | Up-regulation of PPAR and down-regulation of SREBP expressions | [54] |
|
Naringenin | 0.003, 0.006, and 0.012% in diet | HFD fed rats | Increasing PPAR protein expression in the liver | [55] |
|
Oleuropein | | HFD fed C57BL/6N mice | Regulation of Wnt10b- and FGFR1-mediated signaling cascade | [56] |
|
Piperine | 0.05% in diet | HFD fed C57BL/6J mice | transcriptional regulation of liver X receptor | [57] |
|
Quercetin | 50 mg/kg | MCD diet fed C57BL/6J mice | Attenuation of multiple pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory gene pathways | [58] |
50 mg/kg | MCD diet fed C57BL/6J mice | Decreasing oxidative stress | [59] |
30–60 mg/kg | HFD fed gerbils | Regulating the expressions of Sirt1, NF-B p65 and iNOS | [60] |
|
Resveratrol | 100 mg/kg | HFD fed rats | Activation of hepatic AMPK | [61] |
10 mg/kg | Fasting and feeding cycle in rats | Decreasing hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress | [39] |
|
Rutin | 1.6 g/kg in diet | HFD fed rats | Decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation | [62] |
|
Silymarin | 0.5% in diet | MCD diet fed Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats | Suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation | [63] |
|
Theaflavin | 30 mg/kg | MCD + HFD fed C57BL/6J mice | By anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms | [64] |
|