|
Category | Model | Mode of induction | Reference |
|
Dietary | C57BL/6J mice | 45–60% fat containing diet (HFD) | [19] |
Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats | 20–40% fat containing diet, 60% fructose rich diet, methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) | [20–22] |
|
Genetic | ob/ob mice | Mutation prevents synthesis of leptin | [23] |
db/db mice | Mutation in leptin receptor | [24] |
fa/fa rats | Mutation in leptin receptor | [24] |
SREBP-1c transgenic mice | Overexpression of SREBP-1c in adipose tissue | [25] |
KK-Ay mice | Loss of melanocortin and an obese phenotype due to hyperphagia | [26] |
PTEN null mice | Mutation in PTEN gene | [27] |
AOX null mice | Defective peroxisomal -oxidation of light chain fatty acids | [28] |
MAT1A null mice | Decreased levels of antioxidants and genes involved in lipid oxidation | [29] |
Adiponectin null | Mutation prevents adiponectin receptor expression | [30] |
AFasKO mice | Mutation in adipose fatty acid synthase | [31] |
Sfrp5 knockout | Defective Wnt signaling pathway | [32] |
|
Genetic + Dietary | ob/ob mice + MCD | Mutation prevents synthesis of leptin + MCD | [33] |
db/db mice + MCD | Mutation in leptin receptor + MCD | [34] |
ob/ob mice + MCD + HFD | Mutation prevents synthesis of leptin + high calorie + MCD | [33] |
fa/fa rats + HFD | Mutation in leptin receptor + high calorie | [35] |
JNK1−/− + MCD | Mutation prevents c-Jun amino-terminal kinases expression + MCD | [36] |
NEMOL-KO + HFD | Mutation in NF-B essential modulator genes + HFD | [37] |
|
Dietary + physical stress | Male Wistar rats | Fat- and sugar-enriched diet and chronic stress | [38] |
Feeding and Fasting cycles | Male Wistar rats | Fed on high carbohydrate-fat free diet 4 days per week and fasting for the remaining 3 days | [39] |
|