Chinese Herbal Medicine on Dyslipidemia: Progress and Perspective

Table 1

The most frequently used single Chinese herbs for dyslipidemia.

Number	Herbs	Dosage/administration/time	Effects	Components	References
1	Radix et. Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang)	Human: powder, 5 g/day, Po, 24 weeks; Db/db mice: rhein, 150 m/kg/day, Po, 12 weeks	TG↓ TC↓ LDL-C↓	Anthraquinones	[7, 8]
2	Rhizoma ploygoni cuspidate; (Hu Zhang)	Rabbits: polydatin, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg/kg/day Po, 3 weeks; SD rats: resveratrol 30, 70 mg/kg Po, 4 weeks	TG↓ TC↓ LDL-C↓	Polydatin, resveratrol, and emodin	[12, 13, 15]
3	Semen Cassia; (Jumingzi)	SD rats: extracts, 8, 15, 25 mg/kg Po, 35 days; SD rats: anthraquinones, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 g/kg Po, 2 months	TG↓ TC↓ LDL-C↓	Anthraquinones, protein	[18, 20]
4	Coptis chinensis; (Huanglian)	Human: berberine, 500 mg tid Po, 12 weeks; SD rats: berberine, 200 mg/kg/day ip, 16 weeks; SD rats: berberine 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg/kg/day po 16 weeks	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Alkaloid berberine	[22–24]
5	Scutellaria baicalensis; (Huangqin)	SD rats: SSTF, 75 mg, 150 mg/kg Po, 25 days;	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Flavonoid	[25]
6	Gynostemma pentaphylla; (Jiaogulan)	Mice: powder, 250 mg/kg, Po, 4-day; SD rats: extract, 50 mg, 200 mg/kg/day, Po, 4 weeks	TG↓ TC↓ LDL-C↓	Gypenoside	[26, 27]
7	Radix Puerariae; (Gegen)	Wistar rats: puerarin, 50 mg/kg/day ip, 30 days; ovariectomized rats: flavones, 100 mg/kg/day, po, 5 weeks	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Puerarin	[28, 29]
8	Fructus crataegi; (Shan zha)	Human: aqueous extracts, 3.6 g/kg, Po, 3 months; rats: ethanol extracts, 30 mg, 100 mg/kg/day. Po., 4 weeks	TG↓ TC↓ LDL-C↓	Flavonoids, triterpenic acids	[30, 31]
9	Red yeast rice; (Hongqu)	Human: rice, 600 mg/day, Po, 8 weeks; human: rice, 1.2 mg, po, 6 months–1 year	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓	Lovastatin, sterols, Isoflavones and isoflavone glycosides, and MUFA	[32, 33]
10	Rhizoma chuanxiong	Rats: ligustrazine, 20 mg, 80 mg/kg, Po, 6 weeks; rabbits: ligustrazine, 75 mg, 150 mg/kg/day, Po, 12 weeks	TG↓ TC↓ LDL-C↓	Lactones, total alkaloids	[34, 35]
11	Radix salvia miltiorrhizae; (Danshen)	Rats: extracts, 50, 100, 150 mg/kg/day, Po, 4 weeks; human: tanshinone IIA, 80 mg/day, ivgtt. 14 days	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Tanshinone IIA	[36, 37]
12	Turmerone; (Jianghuang)	Hamsters: curcumin, 0.05 g/100 g, Po, 10 weeks; SD rats: curcumin, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg, Po, 4 weeks.	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ FFA↓ HDL-c↑	Curcumin	[38, 39]
13	Rhizoma alismatis; (Zexie)	Human: powders, 10 g/day, Po, 2 weeks; SD rats: extracts, 0.3 mL/day, Po, 21 days.	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓	Triterpenes	[40, 41]
14	Plantain seed; (Cheqianzi)	Human: polysaccharides, 14 g/day, Po, 8 weeks; rats: powder, 15 g/kg, Po, 12 weeks; pig: plantain seed, 7.5, 10 g/100 mg, po, 4 weeks.	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓	Polysaccharides	[42–44]
15	Folium nelumbinis; (Heye)	SD rats: aqueous extracts, 400 mg/kg/day, Po, 6 weeks; mice: flavonoids, 50, 200 mg/kg/day, Po, 28 days.	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓	Total flavonoids,; alkaloid	[45, 46]
16	Radix Astragali; (Huangqi)	Rat: extracts, 0.4%, 0.8%, Po, 5 weeks; rat: polysaccharides, 40, 100 mg/kg/day, Po, 40 days.	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Polysaccharides,; flavonoid, and; saponin	[47, 48]
17	Radix Ginseng  (Renshen)	Mice: ginsenoside, 2 mg/kg/days, Po, 90 days; rats: ginsenoside Rb, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg/kg/day, Po, 12 days	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Ginsenoside,; ginseng, and polysaccharides	[49, 50]
18	Radix Polygoni Multiflori; (Heshouwu)	Rats: extracts, 12, 24 mg/kg/day, Po, 4 weeks; rats: EAEF, 30, 60 mg/kg/day, Po, 28 days.	TC↓ LDL-C↓ TG↓ HDL-c↑	Anthraquinones,; polysaccharides	[51, 52]