Review Article
The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health
Table 1
Effect of pomegranate extracts on growth of bacteria that influence human health.
| Bacteria | Pomegranate extract | Growth inhibition (−) or promotion (+) | Citation |
| Enteric | | | | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | Peel, bark | − | [2, 12] | Salmonella Typhi
| Peel | − | [14, 15] | Salmonella Typhimurium
| Peel | − | [21] | Salmonella enterica serovars | Peel | | [19] | Vibrio cholerae | Peel | − | [16, 17] | Yersinia enterocolitica | Peel | − | [7] | Shigella spp. | Peel | − | [16, 18] | Shigella sonnei | Peel | − | [21] | Listeria monocytogenes | Peel, dried juice powder | − | [7, 19, 20] | Staphylococcus aureus | Peel, juice, and POMx | − | [19, 21, 22, 25] | Clostridium spp. | POMx | | | Probiotic | | | | Bifidobacterium spp. | POMx | + | [24] | Lactobacillus spp. | POMx | + | [24] | Bifidobacterium breve | POMx | + | [25] | Bifidobacterium infantis | POMx | + | [25] | Wound | | | | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Peel, flower extract | − | [27–29] | Staphylococcus aureus | Peel | − | [27–29] | Escherichia coli | Peel | − | [27–29] | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Peel | − | [27–29] | Salmonella Anatum
| Peel | − | [27–29] | Salmonella Typhimurium
| Peel | − | [27–29] | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Peel | − | [27–29] | Oral | | | | Staphylococcus aureus | Peel | − | [30] | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Peel | − | [30] | Streptococcus mutans | Peel | − | [30, 31] | Streptococcus salivarius | Peel | − | [30] | Streptococcus sanguis | Peel | − | [31] | Streptococcus mitis | Peel | − | [31] | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Peel | − | [32, 33] | Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | Peel | − | [32] | Prevotella intermedia | Peel | − | [33] | Proteus spp. | Peel | − | [34] | Drug resistant | | | | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Peel | − | [35–41] | Acinetobacter baumannii | Peel | − | [42] | Helicobacter pylori | Peel | − | [43] |
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