Review Article

Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Traditional Chinese and Indian Medicinal Herbs

Figure 1

Mechanisms of antidiabetic effect of TCM and TIM herbs. (1) Reduced carbohydrate absorption, such as inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and aldose reductase, (2) increased glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissues, (3) activation of PPAR, (4) increased insulin sensitivity/upregulation of receptor expression, (5) exertion of antioxidant effects and decreasing β-cell apoptosis, (6) stimulation of β-cell insulin secretion, (7) inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis, and (8) prevention of endogenous incretins from degradation/suppression of glucagon. The numbered mechanisms of actions correspond to Table 1.
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