Research Article

Quercetin Preserves β-Cell Mass and Function in Fructose-Induced Hyperinsulinemia through Modulating Pancreatic Akt/FoxO1 Activation

Figure 3

Effects of quercetin on cell proliferation and insulin secretion in INS-1 β-cells with or without 1 mM fructose treatment. INS-1 β-cells were treated with 5–100 μM quercetin in the absence or presence of 1 mM fructose from 24 h. Data were presented as the mean ± SEM of three to six independent experiments. # , ## , and ### relative to control cells without fructose and quercetin treatment; * and ** relative to vehicle cells only with fructose treatment.
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