Moxibustion for the Correction of Nonvertex Presentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 2

Additional details of the included RCTs.

Study	Location (country)	Age (mean or range)	Duration	Gestational week	Inclusion	Exclusion
Yang et al. [16]	China	20–36 y	1-2 wk	30–36 wk	Meet the diagnostic criteria, 30 to 34 wk, informed consent, and voluntary acceptance of the experiment	Complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, merging genital tumor, contracted pelvis, polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, cord around neck, and fetal biparietal diameter >8 cm, before placenta attach to uterine wall
Cardini and Weixin [17]	China	T: 25.5±2.5 y; C: 25.2±3.0 y	1 wk	33 wk	Normal fetal biometry (biparietal and abdominal circumference between percentiles 10 and 90)	Pelvic anomalies, previous uterine surgery, pregnancy-related illness, fetal malformation, twin pregnancy, fibroma > 4 cm, uterine malformation, risk of premature delivery (hypercontractility, Bishop 4 or greater), and tocolysis during pregnancy
Cardini et al. [18]	Italy	T: 31 y; C: 26.2 y	1-2 wk	32-33 wk plus 3 d	Normal fetal biometry	Nonacceptance of randomization, pelvic anomalies, previous uterine surgery, fetal malformation, uterine malformation, fibroma > 4 cm, twin pregnancy, previous or current tocolysis, and other pregnancy-related complications
Do et al. [19]	Australia	T: 30.36±3.13 y; C: 24.60±5.23 y	10 d	34–36.5 wk	Women were aged greater than 18 years, at 34–36.5 wk of gestation with a singleton breech presentation (confirmed by ultrasound), and normal fetal biometry	Twin pregnancy, risk of premature birth, heart or kidney diseases affecting the mother, placenta previa, history of antepartum haemorrhage, intrauterine growth restriction, hypertensive disease, isoimmunisation, previous uterine operations, uterine anomaly, prelabour rupture of the membranes, multiple pregnancy, fetal congenital abnormality, contraindication to vaginal delivery, and fetal death in utero
Guittier et al. [20]	Switzerland	T: 32.0±4.3 y; C: 32.0±4.2 y	2 wk	T: 35±0.8 wk; C: 34.8±0.7 wk	Single fetus in breech presentation between 34 and 36 wk of gestation	Uterine malformation, placenta praevia, and transverse lie
Vas et al. [21]	Spain	T: 22.6–39.0 y; C: 24.0–38.3 y; S: 24.4–38.0 y	2 wk	33–35 wk	Diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasound; at least 18 years; 33–35 wk of gestation (confirmed by ultrasound); normal fetal biometry and no prior treatment with moxibustion to achieve version of the fetus	Multiple pregnancy, bone pelvic defects, previous uterine surgery, fetal malformation or chromosomal disorder, uterine malformations, risk of preterm birth (preterm uterine contractions and/or initial dilatation or shortening of the cervix with a score of 4 on the Bishop scale), uterine fibroids >4 cm, tocolytic therapy, and maternal heart or kidney disease
Yang [22]	China	T: 26–28 y; C: 25–27 y	7 d	28–32 wk	Not stated	Not stated

T: treatment group, C: control group, S: sham group, y: year, wk: week, d: day.