Review Article
Lipid-Regulating Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Mechanisms of Actions
Table 1
The regulation of some vital targets related to lipid metabolism by TCM.
| Herb/ingredients | Ch absorption | Ch transport (LDLR, …) | Lipid catabolism (HL, LPL) | Ch synthesis (HMG-CoA R) | BA synthesis (CYP7A1) | Others | Reference |
| Ananas comosus leaves | | | LPL(+) | (−) | | | [35] | Astragalus, Angelica/ferulic acid | | | | (−) | | | [5, 14] | Alpinia officinarum/3-Methylethergalangin | | | Pancreatic L(−) | | | | [34] | Artichoke/cynaroside, luteolin | | | | (−) | | | [15] | Cassia protein | (−) | | | | | | [6] | Coptis/berberine | | (+) | LPL(+) | (−) | | | [32, 36–38] | Danshen/dihydrotanshinone 1, salvianolic acid, danshensu | (+) | LDLR(+), CEPT(−) | | (−) | (+) | ABCA4/11(+) | [39–41] | FTZ | | (+) | HL(+), LPL(+) | (−) | (+) | | [32] | Fenugreek (TEFS) | | (+) | | | | | [42] | Fleece-flower root/anthraquinones, Lecithin, | (−) | (+) | | | (+) | ACAT(−) | [5] | Garlic | | | | | | MTP(−) | [12] | Ginseng | | | LPL(+) | | | | [28] | Green tea/catechol, saponin | (−) | | | | | FAS(−) | [17, 18] | Gynostemma pentaphyllum/gypenoside | | | | (−) | | | [43] | Hawthorn/hawthorn-flavone | | ACAT(−) | LPL(+) | (−) | (+) | ACAT(−) | [24] | Resin of the guggul tree/guggulsterone | | | | (−) | (+) | | [44] | Hawthorn, ligustrum lucidum/oleanolic acid | | | | (−) | | ACAT(−) | [11, 51] | Notoginseng/saponin | | | | | | FAS(−) | [16] | Pectin | | | | (+) | (+) | | [46] | Pleurotus eryngii | (−) | | Pancreatic L(−) | | | | [33] | Plantago ovata | | CEPT(−) | | (+) | (+) | LACT(−) | [48] | Psyllium | | CEPT(−) | | (+) | (+) | ApoB/LCAT(−) | [47] | Red yeast/xuezhikang | | (+) | LPL(+) | (−) | | | [27] | Tribulus terrestris/saponins | | | HL(+), LPL(+) | | | | [31] | Turmeric/curcumin | | | LPL(+) | | | | [25, 26] |
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