Effectiveness of Yoga for Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 3

Subgroup analyses: effect sizes of yoga versus controls.

Outcome	No. of studies	No. of patients	No. of patients	Standardized mean difference	𝑃	Heterogeneity
		(yoga)	(control)	[95% confidence interval]	(overall effect)	𝐼^2; Chi^2; 𝑃
Yoga versus no treatment^a
Total symptoms	3	166	144	−0.53 [−1.19, 0.14]	0.12	85%; 13.05; <0.01
Psychological symptoms	3	166	144	−0.36 [−0.81, 0.09]	0.12	68%; 6.23; 0.04
Somatic symptoms	2	151	129	−0.38 [−1.08, 0.33]	0.29	87%, 7.86; <0.01
Vasomotor symptoms	—	—	—	—	—	—
Urogenital symptoms	2	151	129	−0.37 [−1.14, 0.40]	0.34	89%; 9.37; <0.01
Yoga versus exercise^a
Total symptoms	2	76	77	0.10 [−0.37, 0.58]	0.67	38%; 1.61; 0.20
Psychological symptoms	3	130	131	0.10 [−0.43, 0.62]	0.72	75%; 7.93; 0.02
Somatic symptoms	2	115	117	0.06 [−0.20, 0.32]	0.66	0%; 0.17; 0.68
Vasomotor symptoms	2	115	117	−0.13 [−0.58, 0.33]	0.58	67%, 3.07; 0.08
Urogenital symptoms	2	151	129	−0.37 [−1.14, 0.40]	0.34	89%; 9.37; <0.01

^aReference [42, 45] with one control arm each.