Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol, Constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil, on the Inflammatory Response

Table 3

Effect of carvacrol treatment on exudate volume and leukocytes number 4 hours after carrageenan injection (200 μg/pleural cavity) in rats.

Group	Exsudate volume (mL)	Inhibition (%)		(cells/mm^3) × 10^3
			Total leukocytes	MN	PMN
Normal	0.16±0.01		6700±450	1800±160	4900±390
Control	0.76±0.03^b		55650±1860^b	8831±644^b	46819±1399^b
Indomethacin (5 mg/kg)	0.33±0.02^a,b	56.7	60250±7600^b	10162±1137^b	50088±6989^b
Celecoxib (10 mg/kg)	0.43±0.03^a,b	43.3	42350±3536^b	6972±1047^b	35378±3774^b
Carvacrol
100 mg/kg	0.68±0.01^b	—	32250±3256^a,b	4522±635.3^b	27728±2696^b
200 mg/kg	0.65±0.02^b	—	38625±2617^a,b	5544±430.9^b	33081±2171^b
400 mg/kg	0.40±0.05^a,b	47.3	33583±2548^a,b	4914±353.8^b	28669±2211^a,b

Data are mean ± SEM of 8–10 animals/group. Indomethacin and celecoxib administered orally were used as reference anti-inflammatory drugs (positive controls). Normal: animals that received injection of saline in the cavity (normal group), Control: animals that received injection of carrageenan in the cavity (negative control). MN: mononuclears cells. PMN: polimorphonuclears cells. ^a𝑃<0.05 compared to control group; ^b𝑃<0.05 compared to normal group (ANOVA, Tukey’s test).