Effect of Keishibukuryogan on Endothelial Function in Patients with at Least One Component of the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial with Crossover Design

Table 3

Effects of KBG on various parameters in A + B group (𝑛=49).

	Period	Week 0	Week 4	𝑃-value^a	𝑃-value^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	KBG	23.5±0.4	23.5±0.5	0.3976	0.3034
	Control	23.5±0.5	23.5±0.5	0.9700
Waist circumference (cm)	KBG	85.0±1.2	85.0±1.2	0.9280	0.9136
	Control	85.2±1.3	85.3±1.3	0.9462
SBP (mmHg)	KBG	125.0±2.3	121.0±2.1	0.0321*	0.2591
	Control	123.1±1.9	122.0±1.9	0.3629
DBP (mmHg)	KBG	74.6±1.6	73.9±1.4	0.1297	0.4088
	Control	73.2±1.4	74.1±1.2	0.5626
L_RHI	KBG	0.58±0.03	0.70±0.04	0.0003**	0.0034**
	Control	0.64±0.04	0.60±0.03	0.7279
TG (mg/dL)	KBG	124.3±8.9	123.2±7.8	0.9453	0.5339
	Control	125.6±8.9	119.1±6.2	0.6347
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	KBG	62.0±2.6	62.0±2.5	0.6699	0.3016
	Control	62.6±2.1	61.4±2.0	0.1810
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	KBG	132.7±4.8	133.8±5.0	0.5803	0.1155
	Control	131.4±4.6	127.7±5.0	0.0435*
NEFA (μEq/L)	KBG	532.9±32.9	450.9±26.0	0.0024**	0.0113*
	Control	507.6±31.9	529.6±29.0	0.3273
FPG (mg/dL)	KBG	101.0±2.3	101.5±2.8	0.9159	0.2087
	Control	105.5±3.0	103.1±3.1	0.1297
IRI (μU/mL)	KBG	5.73±0.42	5.47±0.39	0.2609	0.5396
	Control	6.26±0.52	6.26±0.52	0.9156
HOMA-IR	KBG	1.46±0.12	1.42±0.12	0.3842	0.8010
	Control	1.69±0.17	1.68±0.19	0.8639
Creatinine (mg/dL)	KBG	0.71±0.02	0.72±0.03	0.8238	0.6513
	Control	0.71±0.02	0.71±0.02	1.0000
hs-CRP (mg/dL)	KBG	0.13±0.05	0.13±0.04	0.3721	0.7501
	Control	0.11±0.03	0.10±0.02	0.3173
MDA (nmol/mL)	KBG	11.8±1.1	9.5±1.0	<0.0001**	0.0424*
	Control	12.9±1.9	12.3±1.9	0.2804
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	KBG	723.1±43.4	677.7±40.9	0.0126*	0.1659
	Control	724.3±36.0	714.0±36.3	0.8107

KBG: keishibukuryogan; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; L_RHI: natural logarithmic scaled reactive hyperemia; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NEFA: nonesterified fatty acid; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; sVCAM-1: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
^aComparison between week 0 and week 4 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.
^bComparison of 4-week changes between KBG-treatment period and control period by MANOVA test.
Data are expressed as mean ± S.E., ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01.