Effects of Tai Chi versus Proprioception Exercise Program on Neuromuscular Function of the Ankle in Elderly People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Baseline values for the 3 groups.

Variable	TC (𝑛=15)	PE (𝑛=10)	Control group (𝑛=17)	𝑃
Men/female	7/8	4/6	7/10	0.932*
Age (y)	68.0±1.41	68.8±1.03	69.8±0.73	0.663^#
Body weight (kg)	60.73±2.14	55.60±2.73	59.59±1.45	0.252^#
Height (cm)	164.33±2.09	167.30±1.51	165.28±0.95	0.528^#
JPS test (°)
Left ankle	4.20±0.75	6.13±1.77	4.16±0.72	0.431^#
Right ankle	8.93±1.62	7.40±1.43	8.77±1.28	0.785^#
PT (Nm): concentric, 30°/s
Left plantar flexion	49.88±6.81	46.68±6.97	49.62±4.59	0.934^#
Right plantar flexion	49.08±7.13	54.64±8.03	55.55±4.86	0.729^#
Left dorsiflexion	14.4±1.32	14.98±2.36	14.60±1.41	0.975^#
Right dorsiflexion	14.75±1.45	17.10±2.63	16.95±1.72	0.630^#
PT/weight (Nm/kg): concentric, 30°/s
Left plantar flexion	0.82±0.09	0.85±0.13	0.84±0.082	0.978^#
Right plantar flexion	0.82±0.11	0.99±0.14	0.95±0.91	0.534^#
Left dorsiflexion	0.24±0.02	0.27±0.04	0.24±0.02	0.782^#
Right dorsiflexion	0.25±0.02	0.31±0.04	0.29±0.03	0.467^#

Data reported as mean ± SD.
*Chi-square test.
^#One-way analysis of variance.
TC: tai chi; PE: proprioception exercise; JPS: joint position sense; PT: peak torque.