Suan Zao Ren Tang as an Original Treatment for Sleep Difficulty in Climacteric Women: A Prospective Clinical Observation

Table 3

Major variables of the measurements between weeks 1 and 4 and baseline are summarized as mean difference with a 95% confidence interval.

Variable definition	Baseline	Week 1	Paired 𝑇-Test	Week 4	Paired 𝑇-Test
	mean (SD)	mean (SD)	mean difference; (95% CI)	mean (SD)	mean difference; (95% CI)
Pittsburg sleep quality index	13.0 (2.9)	11.0 (3.4)	(−2.86, −1.26)^** *	9.0 (3.2)	(−4.93, −3.10)^** *
Subjective sleep quality	2.4 (0.5)	1.9 (0.6)	(−0.62, −0.27)^** *	1.5 (0.7)	(−1.10, −0.69)^** *
Sleep latency	2.4 (0.8)	2.1 (0.9)	(−0.44, −0.04)*	1.8 (1.0)	(−0.86, −0.36)^** *
Sleep duration	2.4 (0.8)	2.1 (0.8)	(−0.44, −0.07)**	1.8 (0.8)	(−0.77, −0.36)^** *
Habitual sleep efficiency	1.8 (1.1)	1.4 (1.1)	(−0.67, −0.16)**	1.1 (1.1)	(−1.04, −0.49)^** *
Sleep disturbances	1.6 (0.6)	1.6 (1.3)	(−0.27, 0.39)	1.4 (0.6)	(−0.39, −0.03)*
Daytime dysfunction	1.5 (1.0)	1.1 (0.9)	(−0.67, −0.22)^** *	0.9 (0.8)	(−0.88, −0.34)^** *
WHOQOL-BREF Scores
Physiological domain	12.3 (2.0)	13.0 (1.9)	(0.29, 1.05)^** *	13.5 (2.3)	(0.64, 1.63)^** *
Psychological domain	11.4 (2.3)	11.7 (2.6)	(0.00, 0.78)	11.9 (2.6)	(0.02, 0.96)*
Social domain	12.9 (2.0)	13.0 (2.1)	(−0.36, 0.48)	12.8 (2.5)	(−0.70, 0.43)
Environment domain	13.5 (2.1)	13.6 (2.2)	(−0.22, 0.42)	13.6 (2.5)	(−0.42, 0.59)
FSH (mIU/mL)	51.2 (26.2)	—	—	51.9 (28.5)	(−4.40, 4.29)
LH (mIU/mL)	29.3 (14.9)	—	—	30.3 (15.9)	(−1.32, 3.31)

Abbreviation: WHOQOL-BREF: the World Health Organization’s quality of life instrument—short version; CI: confidence interval; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone.
* 𝑃<.05 by paired 𝑡-test compared with baseline;  **𝑃<.01 by paired 𝑡-test compared with baseline;  ^{** *}𝑃<.001 by paired 𝑡-test compared with baseline.