Cytokines and Chemokines Are Detectable in Swivel-Derived Exhaled Breath Condensate (SEBC): A Pilot Study in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Table 2

Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in SEBC ().

Cytokine/chemokine	Detection, (%)	Median (pg/mL)	Range (pg/mL)
IL-1β	26 (93)	0.12	0.00-13.71
IL-2	0	—	—
IL-4	26 (90)	0.26	0.00-0.84
IL-5	3 (10)	0.00	0.00-0.60
IL-6	15 (52)	0.00	0.00-131.80
IL-7	2 (7)	0.00	0.00-9.37
IL-8	27 (96)	2.55	0.00-6448.00
IL-10	24 (86)	0.03	0.00-61.14
IL-12	21 (72)	0.04	0.00-7.36
IL-13	1 (3)	0.00	0.00-1.52
IL-17	26 (90)	1.30	0.00-4.75
G-CSF	2 (7)	0.00	0.00-17.90
IFN-γ	12 (41)	0.00	0.00-96.13
MCP-1	25 (86)	0.86	0.00-711.76
MIP-1β	16 (55)	0.22	0.00-656.92
TNF-α	12 (41)	0.00	0.00-15.51

One result not available in immunoassay (). IL: interleukin; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN: interferon; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF: tumour necrosis factor.