Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as a Biomarker for the Main Types of Mild Neurocognitive Disorders and Treatment Efficacy: A Preliminary Study
Table 1
Main demographic, cognitive, psychiatric, neurological, neuropsychiatric, and functional characteristics in comparison groups.
Variables
Comparison groups
value
WCI ()
MNCD-AD ()
ScVMNCD ()
WCI versus MNCD-AD
WCI versus ScVMNCD
MNCD-AD versus ScVMNCD
Age (years)
72.06 ± 5.25
73.90 ± 5.52
74.14 ± 5.69
0.478
Gender, male/female
4/12
8/13
9/13
0.399
0.307
0.850
Education (years)
12.88 ± 2.70
11.67 ± 4.51
12.59 ± 3.83
0.594
MMSE, score
28 (28-29)
26 (26-27)
26 (24–27)
0.000008
0.000001
0.93
Delayed recall, TIME test, number of words (0–5)
4 (4-5)
2 (1-2)
2 (2-3)
<0.00001
0.0001
0.34
Delayed recognition, TIME test, number of words (0–10)
9 (8–10)
5 (5–7)
8 (7–9)
<0.00001
0.04
0.0004
Clock drawing test, part I, score (0–10)
9 (9-10)
9 (9-10)
7.5 (7-8)
0.46
0.00001
0.0019
Verbal fluency, number of words during 3 min.
19 (15–25.5)
15 (12–21)
13.5 (10–17)
0.51
0.007
0.22
Kinetic apraxia, Luria’s tests, score (0–3)
0 (0-0)
0 (0-0)
2 (1–3)
1.0
0.00001
0.00001
Visuospatial apraxia, Luria’s tests, score (0–3)
0 (0-0)
1 (0-1)
0 (0-1)
0.019
0.89
0.19
The severity of pseudobulbar syndrome, score (0–3)
0 (0-1)
0 (0-1)
2 (1-2)
1.0
0.00002
0.00001
POMA, score (0–28)
27.5 (26–28)
26 (25-26)
17.5 (13–21)
0.06
<0.00001
0.00002
NPI, score (0–144)
7 (4–10)
11 (8–14)
12.5 (8–17)
0.13
0.025
1.0
Depression, NPI (, %)
5 (31.3)
13 (61.9)
19 (86.4)
0.07
<0.0001
0.07
Anxiety, NPI (, %)
15 (93.8)
19 (90.5)
19 (86.4)
0.71
0.72
0.67
Apathy, NPI (, %)
0 (0)
9 (42.9)
20 (90.9)
0.003
<0.0001
0.001
Irritability, NPI (, %)
9 (56.3)
14 (66.7)
10 (45.5)
0.52
0.51
0.16
Sleep, NPI (, %)
12 (75.0)
19 (90.5)
19 (86.4)
0.21
0.37
0.73
BADL, score (0–60)
0 (0-0)
1 (1-1)
2 (1-2)
0.0001
<0.00001
0.15
Mean ± standard deviation/median (lower/upper quartile) values are presented. WCI patients without cognitive impairment. MNCD-AD patients with mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease. ScVMNCD patients with mild subcortical vascular neurocognitive disorder. : number of patients. One-way ANOVA. test. Nonparametric ANOVA for multiple comparisons if not otherwise specified.
