The Impact of R&D Input on Technological Innovation: Evidence from South Asian and Southeast Asian Countries

Table 2

Unit root test results.

Variables	Original value (time trend)			First differences (no time trend)
	LLC test	ADF test	PP test	LLC test	ADF test	PP test
lnsja	−24.717	51.671	83.433	−3.046	67.246	69.978
lnpat	−8.818	50.829	95.098	−4.851	109.487	111.286
lnrei	−42.601	63.174	98.324	−8.793	101.697	108.817
lnrmi	−26.270	71.882	101.403	−5.109	76.861	77.581
lnfdi	−14.805	44.254	82.323	−12.164	130.025	133.415
lnedu	−3.578	16.831	23.617	−6.695	77.284	83.165
lngdp	−16.775	39.923	71.300	−4.198	59.500	61.025

; ; .