Similarities and Differences between the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diastolic and Systolic Heart Failure

Table 1

Comparison of systolic and diastolic heart failure.

	Systolic heart failure	Diastolic heart failure
LV remodeling
LV end-diastolic volume	↑	→
LV end-diastolic pressure	↑	↑
LV ejection fraction	↓	→
LV dP/dt	↓	→
LV stiffness	→	↑
𝐸/𝐸^′	↑	↑
LA dilatation	+	+
BNP or NT-proBNP	↑	↑

LV: left ventricular; 𝐸/𝐸^′: early mitral flow velocity/early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio; LA: left arterial; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide.