Head-To-Head Comparison of Treatment Failure and Costs among COPD Patients Who Used Noninvasive Ventilation in the Ward versus in the ICU: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

Figure 1

The changes of vital signs and arterial blood gas tests within 24 h of NIV in overall cohort. (a) Respiratory rate, breaths/min. (b) Heart rate, beats/min. (c) PaCO₂, mmHg. (d) pH. (e) PaO₂/FiO₂, mmHg.

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