Endovascular Occlusion of a Renal Arteriovenous Fistula with Renal Vein Aneurysm Formation for Rupture Prevention

Table 1

Clinical and cardiac parameters before and after the occlusion of the left renal artery (LRA). Listed are relevant clinical haemodyamic and cardiac parameters before, 2-days and 3-months post-surgery with placement of two Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) II devices in the LRA causing the occlusion of the renal arterio-venous fistula (RAVF).

Clinical stage	Before	After	FU after 3 months
NYHA^a	II	I	I
Haemodynamics
Heart rate (bpm^b)	115	70	77
Cardiac output (l/min)	11.6	6	4.2
Echocardiogram
LVEDD^c (mm)	52	45	44
PW-EDWT^d (mm)	11	13	8
IVS-EDWT^e(mm)	10	13	11
LEDV^f (ml)	148	121	95
LESV^g (ml)	53	36	40
LAA^h (cm^2)	31	24	18
LAV^i (ml)	122	92	59
LVEF^j Simpson (%)	64	71	58
TR^kgrade (I–III)	I	None	None
sPAP^l (mmHg)	35	20	18
TAPSE^m (mm)	35	24	23
RVEDD^n (mm)	34	28	27
RAA^o (cm^2)	26	21	20
RAV^p (ml)	56	51	50
VCD^q (mm)	30	Collapsed	16

^a: New York Heart Association stage. ^b: Beats per minute. ^c: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. ^d: Posterior wall end-diastolic thickness. ^e: Interventricular septal end-diastolic thickness. ^f: Left ventricular end diastolic volume. ^g: Left ventricular end systolic volume. ^h: Left atrial area. ⁱ: Left atrial volume. ^j: Left ventricular ejection fraction. ^k: Tricuspid regurgitation. ^l: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure. ^m: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. n: right ventricular end-diastolic diameter. ^o: Right atrial area. ^p: Right atrial volume. ^q: Vena cava diameter.