Constrictive Pericarditis in the Presence of Remaining Remnants of a Left Ventricular Assist Device in a Heart Transplanted Patient

Figure 3

Cardiac catheterization findings of constrictive pericarditis. (a) Ventricular pressure tracings indicating a characteristic dip-and-plateau waveform (square root sign) (arrow). (b) Right atrial pressure tracing showing a prominent - and -descent (W sign). (c) Changes of ventricular pressure during respiration: increased right ventricular pressure with concordant decreased left ventricular pressure during inspiration. The opposite is found during expiration. Further, end-diastolic equalization of pressures in both ventricles is observed (arrow). RA denotes right atrium, RV right ventricle, and LV left ventricle.

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(b)

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