Alveolar Hemorrhage, a Rare and Life-Threatening Complication of Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Table 3

Comparison of characteristics of patients with alveolar hemorrhage.

Case reports	Clinical presentation	Physical exam	Chest X-ray	CT	Laboratory	Lupus anticoagulant	ANA	ANCA
Case 1	Decreased visual acuity syncope cough	Lung crackles	Diffuse alveolar infiltrate	No major changes	Microcytic anemia, thrombocytopenia	Positive	Positive	Positive
Case 2	Alteration of the state of consciousness cough respiratory distress	Lung crackles	Diffuse alveolar infiltrate	Ischemic areas in the corpus callosum and parietal lobe	Pancytopenia	Not requested	Positive	Negative
Case 3	Hemoptysis dyspnea	Lung crackles	Ground glass	Diffuse alveolar infiltrate	Normocytic normochromic anemia	Positive	Positive	Negative
Rangel et al. [14]	Abdominal pain; Diarrhea; Dyspnea	Lung crackles	Patched opacities in middle and basal lobes	Ground glass; Hepatosplenomegaly	Abnormal liver function; Normochromic normocytic anemia; High LDH; Hypokalemia; Hypoalbuminemia	Positive	Positive	Negative
Wan and Tsang [18]	Asymptomatic	Venous thromboembolism	Opacities	Bilateral patched consolidations with consolidations and interlobular septal thickening	Thrombocytopenia	Positive	Not reported	Not reported
Isshiki et al. [19]	Hemoptysis; Fever; Dyspnea	Left lung crackles	Diffuse infiltrates in the left lung	Ground glass pulmonary artery thrombosis in the right basal lobe	Not reported	Positive	Negative	Negative
Martis et al. [15]	Respiratory distress	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	C4 complement fraction decreased	Positive	Not reported	Negative
Hambly et al. [16]	Dyspnea hemoptysis	Not reported	Abnormal pattern not specified	Ground glass	Thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia	Not reported	Not reported	Negative
Nguyen et al. [17]	Dyspnea Productive cough hemoptysis	Not reported	Small patched infiltrate	Infiltrate patched in the right middle lobe	Thrombocytopenia	Positive	Positive	Not reported