Case Report

Progressive Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Following Recurrent COVID-19 Infections in a Previously Healthy Adolescent

Table 1

Time of medical encounters and progression of symptoms.

LocationTreatment DaySymptomsLabs/ImagesTreatment

Urgent care1Shortness of breath and coughCOVID-19 PCR
Outpatient pediatrics24Shortness of breath, nasal congestion, and anxietyPrednisone 60 mg × 5 days
Outpatient pediatrics37Worsening anxiety, hopelessness, inattention, poor sleep, and tearfulnessEscitalopram 10 mg daily
Outpatient pediatrics50Worsening anxiety, distorted thoughts, fear of being alone, fear of taking showers, racing thoughts, confusion, intrusive thoughtsCBC, CMP, TSH, CRPReferral to counseling
Emergency department152Worsening depressive thoughts, suicidal ideation, and thoughts of hurting othersCBC, CMP, ethanol, UDS
Outpatient pediatrics177Daily headaches, “brain fog,” difficult sleep onset, waking up during night, auditory hallucinations, tearfulnessCBC, CMP, TSH, LDH, uric acid, troponin, CT head
Outpatient pediatrics233Difficulty with thought organization, “brain fog,” derealization
Emergency department285Punching the ground with his fist, confusion, rapid speech, visual hallucinationsCBC, CMP, ethanol, UDS
Emergency department292–297Rage, punching walls and doors, rapid speech, auditory hallucination, sadness, and hopelessness, feeling “messed up,” lack of control of thoughts, transient SICBC, CMP, ethanol, UDS, COVID-19Tele-psych inpatient observation for 5 days
Outpatient pediatrics298Sore throat, nasal congestion, and shortness of breathCOVID-19 PCR
Pediatric emergency department319Increasingly severe intrusive thoughts, homicidal ideation, “brain fog,” visual hallucinations, delusions, inability to control his thoughtsCBC, CMP, CRP, UDS, Marijuana metabolitesAdmitted to inpatient pediatric hospitalist service
Pediatric inpatient hospitalization319–326Marked anger, aggressive behavior, obsessions, intrusive homicidal and homosexual thoughts, nonspecific auditory and visual perceptual anomalies, depersonalization, depression, anxiety, and sleep onset difficultySee Table 3Sertraline 25 mg daily, Olanzapine 5 mg daily, Hydroxyzine 25 mg PRN
Inpatient psychiatric hospitalization326–336Moderate improvement of symptomsPsychological testing: PHQ-9, R-CMAS, Y-BOCS, SRS-2, CARS-2Sertraline 200 mg daily, Olanzapine 10 mg daily, Hydroxyzine 25 mg PRN
Emergency department351–365Rage, aggressive behavior, intrusive homicidal and homosexual thoughts, passive SI, apathy, anhedonia, depressionCBC, CMP, ethanol, UDS, U/ATele-psych inpatient observation for 15 days
Emergency department391–394Rage, anxiousness, hopelessness, flattened affect, auditory and visual hallucinations, cognitive slowingCBC, CMP, ethanol, UDSTele-psych inpatient observation for 3 days
Outpatient child and adolescent psychiatryDays 395–605 includes 13 follow-up appointmentsModerate improvement of symptoms
-Psychotic features improved (no AVH, ideas of reference, delusions, or disorganized thoughts)
-Has ongoing anxiety and worries that “something bad will happen,” in the context of not being able to defend family
-Intrusive thoughts are constant, and urges wax and wane with decreases in divalproex sodium and risperidone
-Thoughts are primarily homicidal, which are completely ego-dystonic
-Higher doses of risperidone and valproic acid were too sedating
-Persistent cognitive difficulties with math and attention
CMP and liver enzymes normalized. Lipid panel, hemoglobin A1C WNL.
AIMS-0 had increased tardive/tremor of the tongue at risperidone 5 mg and improved at 3 mg.
Fluvoxamine 250 mg QHS,
divalproex sodium ER 500 mg QHS, Risperidone 3 mg QHS
Hydroxyzine 75 mg QHS for anxiety and sleep.
Mother gives turmeric OTC and ibuprofen 400 mg OTC when urges worsen, with a notable “calming” effect