Outer Retinopathies Associated with COVID-19 Infection: Case Reports and Review of Literature

Table 1

Summary of the reported cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, and ischemic retinal microvasculopathies associated with COVID-19 infection.

Review of literature
Authors	No. of cases	Age	Gender	Duration of ocular signs after COVID-19	Laterality	VA	OCT	Treatment
David and Fivgas [19]	1	22 years	Female	20 days	BL	6/6	AMNR	Observation
Giacuzzo et al. [20]	1	23 years	Female	14 days	BL		AMNR	Observation
Strzalkowski et al. [21]	1	18 years	Female	21 days	BL		AMNR	Observation
Capuano et al. [22]	1	37 years	Female	First sign of COVID-19	BL		AMNR	Observation
	1	27 years Caucasian	Male	First sign of COVID-19	UL		PAMM	Observation
Azar et al. [23]	1	27 years	Female		BL	6/4.8	AMNR
	1	28 years	Female		BL	6/6	AMNR
	1	22 years	Female		UL		AMNR
	1	21 years	Male		UL	6/60	AMNR
Masjedi et al. [24]	1	29 years	Female	14 days	UL		AMNR	Observation
Virgo and Mohamed [25]	1	32 years Caucasian	Male	16 days	UL		AMNR
	1	37 years Caucasian	Female pregnant, GA 14 wk	35 days	UL		PAMM
Komro et al. [26]	1	34 years	Male	64 days	UL		AMNR	Observation
Jalink and Bronkhorst [27]	1	21 years	Female	42 days	UL	6/6	AMNR	Observation
	1	29 years	Female	150 days	UL	6/6	AMNR	Observation
Zamani et al. [28]	1	35 years	Female	6 days	UL	6/6	AMNR and AML	Deceased
Aidar et al. [29]	1	71 years	Female	14 days	UL	6/18	AMNR	Observation
Preti et al. [30]	1	70 years	Male	4 days before COVID-19	UL	6/30	AMNR	Observation
El Matri et al. [31]	1	75 years	Female diabetic	90 days	UL		AMNR	Observation
Padhy et al. [32]	1	19 years Indian	Female	14 days	BL	6/12 & 6/38	PAMM, CWS, and raised D-dimer	I/V steroids and enoxaparin
Goyal et al. [33]	1	32 years	Male	120 days	UL		UL ANMR and BL PAMM	Observation
Gascon et al. [34]	1	53 years	Male	8 days	UL	6/19	AMN, PAMM, deep retinal haemorrhages, and Roth spots
Ortiz-Egea et al. [35]	1	42 years Caucasian	Male	21 days	UL	6/6	Hyper-reflective band at IPL and GCL
Marinho et al. [36]	12	25-69 years		11-33 days	BL		Hyper-reflective lesions at IPL, GCL, CWS, and haemorrhages