|
Agent | Pregnancy category | Comments |
|
Corticosteroids | C/D C | Maternal and fetal risks include hyperglycemia, hypertension, and adrenal axis suppression Fetal risk of cleft lip and low birth weight |
Prednisone |
Methylprednisolone |
IVIg | C | Limited data. Crosses the placenta, and it is used to treat some neonatal conditions |
Infliximab | Low-to-moderate risk [43] | Crosses the placenta. Report of agranulocytosis in infants [44] |
Cyclophosphamide | D | If exposed in the first trimester, reports of skeletal malformations, leukopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, severe bone marrow hypoplasia, and gastroenteritis |
Azathioprine | D | Reports of congenital anomalies, immunosuppression, lymphopenia, pancytopenia, and intrauterine growth retardation |
Mycophenolate mofetil | D | Associated with congenital malformations and first-trimester pregnancy loss |
Rituximab | C | Limited data available; transient B-cell lymphocytopenia |
Plasmapheresis | Unknown | Potential maternal risk during plasmapheresis does not seem to increase as a result of pregnancy |
Aspirin | D | Likely safer in low doses Increased perinatal mortality, delayed closure of ductus arteriosus, and intrauterine growth retardation |
Gadolinium (IV) | C | Crosses the placenta. May be an increased risk for rheumatological, inflammatory, or infiltrative skin conditions |
Cyclosporine | C | May result in low birth weight and premature births |
Methotrexate | X | Can cause teratogenic effects, embryotoxicity, abortion, and fetal defects. Contraindicated during pregnancy |
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