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| Case report | Initial presentation | Imaging results | Immunohistochemistry results |
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| Primary retroperitoneal malignant melanoma: a case report [2] | 18-y/o F with 6-month h/o a progressively enlarging mass in the right upper abdomen with no other symptoms | CT scan of the abdomen showed an irregular heterogeneous soft-tissue density mass located in the anterior pararenal space | Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was positive for S100, human melanoma black-45 (HMB45), and melanin-A and mildly positive for tyrosinase |
| Retroperitoneal malignant melanoma—a curiosity [3] | 76-y/o M with 2-week h/o pain and distension of the abdomen, followed by fever and vomiting for 4 days | CT scan of the abdomen revealed a well-defined, 8.6 × 5.1 cm, heterogeneously enhancing mass in the retroperitoneum | Not reported in case report |
| Primary retroperitoneal malignant melanoma [4] | 34-y/o F with 3-month h/o recurrent abdominal pain and distension, asthenia, anorexia, vomiting, and fever | CT scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of a large retroperitoneal tumor measuring 8, 22 × 8, 15 cm | IHC staining was positive for S100, HMB45, and melanin-A |
| A rare presentation of melanoma as a retroperitoneal mass: a case report and a brief review of the literature [5] | 77-y/o M with 3-month h/o fatigue, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and 40-lb weight loss | PET/CT scan showed a large heterogeneous, lobulated subhepatic mass | IHC staining was positive for vimentin, HMB45, melanin-A, and S100 |
| Ileus secondary to a retroperitoneal malignant melanoma [6] | 77-h/o F with progressive abdominal distension and decreased appetite for 4 months | CT scan of the abdomen showed a retroperitoneal tumor with irregular margin and heterogeneous density, measuring approximately 18.2 × 21.5 cm in the largest section | IHC staining was positive for S100 protein, HMB45, and vimentin and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD34 |
| Primary retroperitoneal melanoma presented in a rare extracutaneous site for malignant melanoma [7] | 53-y/o F with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding | Transvaginal ultrasound revealed left-side complex pelvic mass measuring 4.3 × 3.4 × 3 cm | IHC staining was positive for HMB45, melanin-A, and S100 |
| A rare presentation of melanoma as a retroperitoneal mass seen on FDG PET [8] | 55-y/o F with 4-week h/o fatigue and abdominal pain | Ultrasound and CT scan showed a large heterogeneous mass in the retroperitoneum, and PET/CT images showed a hypermetabolic retroperitoneal mass | IHC staining was positive for HMB45, S100, and melanin-A but negative for CK and CgA; negative BRAF or C-kit mutation |
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