|
| Reference | Age/sex | Infection | Underlying disease/risk factors | Identification | Drug resistance | Treatment | Outcome |
|
| Dé et al., 2004 [23] | 21/F | Bacteraemia | Leukaemia | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | n.d. | Removed CVC
IV LFX ⟶ oral LFX + AMC
IV IPM + VCM | Resolved |
| Dé et al., 2004 [23] | 65/M | Bacteraemia | Lymphoma | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | n.d. | Various antibiotics | Resolved |
| Dé et al., 2004 [23] | 54/M | Bacteraemia | Leukaemia | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | n.d. | IPM + VCM ⟶ FEP + VCM | Resolved |
| Christakis et al., 2006 [16] | 39/M | Bacteraemia | Acute myelogenous leukaemia with neutropenic state | Identified as Roseomonas sp. by RapidID NF PLUS
Misidentified as Methylobacterium mesophilicum by RapidID NF PLUS
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: CAZ, AZT, CTX, TZP, TCC, and TMP-SMX
S: CFX, GM, TM, IPM, MEM, LFX, gatifloxacin, TE, AMK, FEP, and C | AMK + TZP for 10 Ds | Resolved |
| Elshibly et al., 2005 [24] | 42/M | Bacteraemia | Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: ABPC, AZT, CTX, CAZ, CXM, CFX, AMC, MEM, TZP, TMP, and IPM
S: AMK, colomycin, GM, NET, and TM | TZP + GM ⟶ TEC + TZP + GM | Resolved |
| Sipsas et al., 2006 [25] | 40/M | Septic arthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab therapy | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: benzylpenicillin, TZP, FOX, CRO, and CAZ
S: CM, IPM, TE, DO, CFX, AMK, and GM | D 1–3: IV CRO
D 4–60: oral CFX | Resolved |
| Bard et al., 2010 [26] | 18/M | Bacteraemia | Multiple episodes of urinary tract infection and bacteraemia | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: ABPC, CEZ, CAZ, CRO, TZP, and TMP-SMX
S: AMK, CFX, GM, IPM, LFX, MEM, and TM | VCM + CRO ⟶ CFX for 10 Ds | Resolved |
| Boyd et al., 2012 [18] | 19/M | Peritonitis | HIV + ESRD with PD | Misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi and Acinetobacter lwoffii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Misidentified as Methylobacterium mesophilicum by the API 20 NE system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: TZP, CAZ, and TMP-SMX
S: AMK, CRO, CFX, LFX, GM, IPM, MEM, and FEP | D 1–14: IP/IV CAZ + VCM
D 14–35: IP CFX + GM + VCM
D 35–49: IP CRO | PD failed; long-term haemodialysis commenced |
| Maraki et al., 2013 [27] | 54/F | Epidural abscess | Instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion | Misidentified as R. gilardii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: beta-lactams (except CTX), FO, and colistin
S: carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, TEs, TGC, C, MNO, and TMP-SMX | Surgical debridement
D 1–24: IV VCM + oral rifampin
D 25–81: MEM | Resolved |
| Al-Anazi et al., 2013 [28] | 41/F | Bacteraemia | T-lymphoblastic lymphoma | Identified as Roseomonas by the VITEK 2 and the Microseq 500 16S rDNA bacterial identification kit
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: PIP, TZP, and all cephalosporins
S: IPM, GM, AMK, and CFX | Removed CVC
D 1–4: IV TZP
D 4–14: IV IPM + AMK
CFX | Resolved |
| Michon et al., 2014 [17] | 3/n.d. | Bacteraemia | B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: TZP and IPM
S: AMK | D 1–4: TZP
D 4–7: IPM + AMK
D 7–14: oral CFM | Resolved |
| Matsukuma et al., 2014 [14] | 61/M | Peritonitis | Diabetic nephropathy and receiving PD for ESRD | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: cephalosporins, including CAZ
S: GM, CFX and MEM | D 1–3: IP CEZ + AMK
D 4–6: IP CAZ
D 7–28: IP CFX | Resolved, changed to haemodialysis |
| Kim et al., 2015 [11] | 74/M | Infective spondylitis with bacteraemia | Vertebroplasty for compression fractures and laminectomy for spinal stenosis | Misidentified as R. gilardii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: CFX, GM, and PIP
S: carbapenems, CAZ, TIC, and TM | D 1–7: IV CEZ
D 8–15: CAZ
1 month later: received total corpectomy + IV CAZ for 6 weeks | Resolved |
| Kim et al., 2016 [29] | 84/F | Bacteraemia | Common bile duct obstruction | Misidentified as R. gilardii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: ABPC and CAZ
S: aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and CTX | CTX + MET | Resolved |
| Kim et al., 2016 [29] | 17/M | Bacteraemia | Acute myeloid leukaemia | Misidentified as R. gilardii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: ABPC and CAZ
S: aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and CTX | CAZ + aminoglycoside ⟶
VCM + carbapenem | Resolved |
| Bhende et al., 2017 [30] | 74/M | Endogenous endophthalmitis | DM | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | n.d. | D 1: intravitreal injection of CAZ + oral CTX + topical moxifloxacin + TM
D 2: intravitreal injection of VCM + CAZ
Received vitreous surgery + intravitreal CAZ
Postoperation: oral CFX + moxifloxacin + TM drops for 5 Ds | Resolved |
| Abu Choudhury et al., 2017 [19] | 53/M | Bacteraemia | Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion | Illumina Nextera
XT and sequenced via the Illumina HiSeq 2000 | n.d. | Cephalosporin | No systemic infection |
| Diesendorf et al., 2017 [31] | n.d. | Acute pulpitis | n.d. | MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry | R: ABPC, ABPC/SBT, PIP, TZP CEZ, CXM, CAZ, and FO
S: CRO, IPM, MEM, GM, TM, AMK CFX, TMP-SMX, TE, TGC, and polymyxin B | n.d. | n.d. |
| Kimura et al., 2018 [32] | 9/M | Bacteraemia | Febrile neutropenia caused by chemotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma | 16S rDNA sequencing | R: PIP, AZT, and CAZ
S: carbapenems, aminoglycosides, MNO, fluoroquinolones, and TMP-SMX | MEM | Resolved |
| Shao et al., 2019 [10] | 44/F | Infective endocarditis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Misidentified as R. gilardii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | R: TZP, ABPC, CAZ, FEP, and colistin
S: AMK, GM, LFX, CFX, IPM, and MEM | D 4–7: VCM + TZP
D 8–11: TZP + LFX
D 12–25: MEM + AMK | Resolved |
| Beucler et al., 2020 [33] | 27/M | Peritonitis | VPS ventricular catheter for congenital hydrocephalus | MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry | R: TIC, TZP, CAZ, and FO
S: IPM, MEM, GM, AMK, and CFX | Removal of the shunt
D 1–9: CTX + linezolid | Resolved |
| Waris et al., 2021 [22] | 17/M | Meningitis | Left temporal craniotomy for open fenestration of an arachnoid cyst | Misidentified as R. gilardii by the VITEK 2 automated system
Identified as R. mucosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing | S: LFX and MEM | D 1-2: IV MEM
D 2–8: oral LFX
D 10–12: IV MEM + VCM
D 12–47: IV MEM | Resolved |
| Roy et al., 2021 [15] | 65/F | Peritonitis | PD for ESRD | MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry | R: cephalosporin
S: GM | Removed the PD catheter IP GM for 3 weeks | Resolved |
| Spindel et al., 2022 [34] | 30/M | Pyogenic hepatic abscess with cardiac tamponade | Daily tobacco and marijuana smoking | MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry | S: CRO and CFX | Emergent pericardiocentesis + hepatic and pericardial drains for 12 days
D 1–5: TZP + MET
D 5–40: CRO + MET | Resolved Metastatic hepatoid carcinoma noted 1 year later |
| Our case | 76/F | Infective spondylitis with epidural abscess | Nerve block with local anaesthesia and radiofrequency coagulation in the lumbar spine | MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry | S: IPM, CRO, AMK, and CFX | Partial laminectomy + debridement
D 1–7: FEP + VCM
D 5: Debridement
D 8–39: CRO
D 39–99: CFX | Resolved |
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