COVID-19 in an Adult with Down Syndrome: Impact on Autoimmune Response

Table 1

Laboratory data on admission.

	Patient	r.v.
Blood count
WBC (/mm^3)	5830	4000–8000
Neutrophils (%)	73.8	40–60
Lymphocytes (%)	17.1	25–45
Eosinophils (%)	1	1–6
Hb (g/dL)	11.5	12–16
PLT (× 10^4/mm^3)	34.5	15–35
ESR (mm/h)	120	<20
Blood biochemistry
TP (g/dL)	8.8	6.6–8.1
Albumin (g/dL)	2.8	4.1–5.1
T-Bil (mg/dL)	0.2	0–0.4
AST (U/L)	28	13–30
ALT (U/L)	22	7–23
AMY (U/L)	79	44–132
ALP (U/L)	87	38–113
LD (U/L)	260	124–222
CK (U/L)	31	41–153
UA (mg/dL)	4.8	2.6–5.5
BUN (mg/dL)	14.7	8–20
Cr (mg/dL)	0.47	0.46–0.79
Na^+ (mmol/L)	138	138–145
K^+ (mmol/L)	4.7	3.6–4.8
Cl^− (mmol/L)	101	101–108
BS (mg/dL)	93	73–109
KL-6 (U/mL)	406	<500
BNP (pg/mL)	21.2	0–20
Haptoglobin (mg/dL)	313	25–176
phenotype	2–2
D-Dimer (mg/L)	4.12	<0.50
Serology
CRP (mg/dL)	3.34	0.00–0.14
Ferritin (ng/mL)	107.9	10–110
CH50 (U/mL)	63.5	30–45
IgG (mg/dL)	3660	861–1747
IgA (mg/dL)	550	93–393
IgM (mg/dL)	107	50–269
RF (U/mL)	15	<18
anti-CCP Ab	0.5	<4.5
ANA (titer)	1: 320	<1: 40
Pattern	Homo/spec/nuc
Anti-CL IgG (U/mL)	31	<10
Anti-DNA Ab	4.5	<6.0
Anti-RNP Ab	<2.0	<10.0
Anti-Sm Ab	2.9	<10.0
Anti-Scl70 Ab	<1.0	<10.0
Anti-SS-A Ab	<1.0	<10.0
MPO-ANCA	1.0	<3.5
Pathogen tests
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR	(+)	(−)
β-D glucan	12.2	<20.0
HBs Ag	0.00	<0.05
HCV Ab	0.12	<1.0
HIV Ag/Ab	0.08	<1.00
TB-specific IFN-γ	(−)	(−)
Blood culture	(−)	(−)
Legionella Ag	(−)	(−)
St. pneumoniae Ag	(−)	(−)
Urinalysis
Protein	(−)	(−)
Occult blood	(−)	(−)

Footnote: r.v., reference value; WBC, white blood cells; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation ratio; TP, total protein; T-Bil, total bilirubin; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AMY; amylase; LD, lactose dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; UA uric acid; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; Na⁺, sodium level; K⁺, potassium level; Cl^- chloride level; BS, blood sugar; KL-6, Krebs von den Lungen-6; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; CH50, 50% hemolytic unit of complement; Ig, immunoglobulin; RF, rheumatoid factor; anti-CCP; anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; Ab, antibody; ANA anti-nuclear antibody; homo, homogeneous; spec, speckled; nuc, nucleolar; anti-CL, anti-cardiolipin; anti-DNA, anti-deoxyribonucleic acid; anti-RNP, anti-ribonucleoprotein; anti-Sm, anti-Smith; anti-Scl70, anti-scleroderma70; anti-SSA, anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A; MPO-ANCA, myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; HBs; hepatitis B surface; Ag, antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; TB, tuberculosis; IFN, interferon; St. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae.