Urban Economic Structures as Multidimensional Networks: A Complex Systems Framework for Analyzing Economic Development Trajectories

Figure 2

Visualizing the 2019 U.S. multimodal economic network structure using network 3 (N = 353). Links with value less than 2 are not shown. Note the characteristic dense core of highly connected entities which has been shown in other studies to be associated with high-wage and/or creative activities. Networks constructed with other hierarchical levels of data aggregation display a similar dense core.