A Novel Weighted Fractional GM(1,1) Model and Its Applications

Table 7

Fitted and predicted values of China’s total output value of construction industry (Example 4).

Year	k	Actual values	GM(1,1)		FGM(1,1)		NIPGM(1,1)		WFGM(1,1)
		2009	1	76807.70	76807.70	0.00	76807.70	0.00	76807.70	0.00	76807.70	0.00
2010	2	96031.10	99920.93	4.05	96031.28	0.00	96030.98	0.00	96031.21	0.00
2011	3	116463.30	115815.32	0.56	117392.32	0.80	117091.24	0.54	117352.95	0.76
2012	4	137217.86	134238.02	2.17	138102.74	0.64	137746.77	0.39	138112.61	0.65
2013	5	160366.06	155591.22	2.98	157967.27	1.50	158005.36	1.47	157985.41	1.48
2014	6	176713.40	180341.07	2.05	177039.71	0.18	177874.64	0.66	176929.72	0.12
MAPE				1.97		0.52		0.51		0.50
2015	7	180757.47	209027.86	15.64	195402.49	8.10	197362.09	9.19	194964.79	7.86
2016	8	193566.78	242277.86	25.16	213131.48	10.11	216475.04	11.83	212125.83	9.59
2017	9	213943.56	280816.92	31.26	230290.99	7.64	235220.70	9.95	228451.99	6.78
2018	10	235085.53	325486.37	38.45	246934.64	5.04	253606.11	7.88	243982.59	3.78
MAPE				27.63		7.72		9.71		7.00