A Novel Weighted Fractional GM(1,1) Model and Its Applications

Table 3

Fitted and predicted values of energy consumption of Jiangsu Province, China (Example 2).

Year	k	Actual values	GM(1,1)		FGM(1,1)		NIPGM(1,1)		WFGM(1,1)
		2001	1	8881	8881	0.00	8881	0.00	8881	0.00	8881	0.00
2002	2	9609	10483	9.09	9998	4.05	9609	0.00	9621	1.26
2003	3	11061	11988	8.38	11990	8.40	11826	6.92	11850	7.14
2004	4	13652	13710	0.42	14048	2.90	14031	2.78	14087	3.18
2005	5	17167	15678	8.67	16129	6.05	16224	5.50	16276	5.19
2006	6	18742	17930	4.33	18239	2.69	18404	1.80	18411	1.76
2007	7	20948	20505	2.12	20391	2.66	20572	1.80	20493	2.17
2008	8	22232	23449	5.47	22599	1.65	22728	2.23	22522	1.31
MAPE				4.81		3.55		2.63		2.61
2009	9	23709	26816	13.12	24875	4.92	24872	4.90	24499	3.33
2010	10	25774	30667	18.99	27228	5.64	27004	4.77	26426	2.53
2011	11	27589	35071	27.12	29669	7.54	29124	5.56	28304	2.59
2012	12	28850	40108	39.02	32207	11.64	31232	8.26	30134	4.45
MAPE				24.56		7.43		5.87		3.23