Review Article

Thermal Effects Associated with RF Exposures in Diagnostic MRI: Overview of Existing and Emerging Concepts of Protection

Table 4

Structured search criteria in Pubmed to identify thermophysiological effects from RF exposures in the MRI relevant frequency range.

RadiofrequencyExposureHealth effectsExclusion: frequenciesExclusion: devicesExclusion: cancer and animal models

radiofrequency[All Fields] OR “radio-frequency”[All Fields] OR “rf”[All Fields] OR MHz[All Fields](SAR[All Fields] OR “specific absorption rate”[All Fields] OR “thermal dose”[All Fields] OR CEM43[All Fields] OR “exposure”[All Fields]) NOT (“occupational exposure”[All Fields] OR “environmental”[All Fields])(“thermoregulation”[All Fields] OR “core temperature”[All Fields] OR “body temperature”[All Fields] OR “temperature elevation”[All Fields] OR “hyperthermia”[All Fields] OR “heat stress”[All Fields] OR “tissue damage”[All Fields] OR “burns”[All Fields] OR “burn”[All Fields]) NOT (burn[Author] OR burns[Author] OR “chemical burn”[All Fields])NOT (“1800 MHz”[All fields] OR “1.8 GHz”[All Fields] OR “2400 MHz”[All Fields] OR “2.4 GHz”[All Fields] OR “2450 MHz”[All Fields] OR “2.45 GHz”[All Fields] OR “2100 MHz”[All Fields] OR “2.1 GHz”[All Fields] OR “1900 MHz”[All Fields] OR “1.9 GHz”[All Fields] OR “835 MHz”[All Fields] OR “950 MHz”[All Fields] OR “1950 MHz”[All Fields] OR “915 MHz”[All Fields] OR “835 MHz”[All Fields] OR “900 MHz”[All Fields] OR “480 KHz”[All Fields] OR “448 kHz”[All Fields] OR “35 GHz”[All Fields] OR “microwave"[All fields] OR “ultrasound”[All fields] OR “millimeter wave"[All fields])NOT (“mobile phone"[All fields] OR “cellular telephones”[All Fields] OR “implantable"[All fields] OR “implant"[All fields] OR “active medical device"[All fields] OR “pacemaker"[All fields] OR “stent"[All fields] OR “stents"[All fields] OR “wireless"[All fields] OR “ablation"[All fields] OR “interventional"[All fields] OR “low intensity"[All fields] OR “GSM"[All fields] OR “UMTS"[All fields] OR “3G"[All fields] OR “RFID"[All fields] OR “base station"[All fields] OR “mobile phone"[All fields] OR “low power"[All fields] OR “laser"[All fields] OR “sealer"[All fields] OR “applicator"[All fields] OR “applicators”[All Fields] OR “ferromagnetic"[All fields] OR “dielectric heater"[All fields] OR “electrode"[All fields] OR “catheter"[All fields] OR “stimulation"[All fields] OR “EPT"[All fields] OR “PRF”[All Fields] OR ((“design"[All fields] AND “optimization"[All fields]) AND (“array"[All fields] OR “sequence"[All fields])) OR “robot"[All fields] OR “nanoparticle"[All fields] OR “nanoparticles”[All Fields] OR “nanomaterial"[All fields] OR “artifact"[All fields] OR “artefact"[All fields] OR “waveguide”[All Fields] OR “deep regional”[All Fields] OR “Deep regional”[All Fields] OR “regional hyperthermia”[All Fields]))NOT (“rat"[All fields] OR “rats"[All fields] OR “mice"[All fields] OR “mouse"[All fields] OR “ewe"[All fields] OR “dog"[All fields] OR “canine”[All Fields] OR “murine"[All fields] OR “chicken"[All fields] OR “rabbit"[All fields] OR “hamster"[All fields] OR “rhesus”[All Fields] OR “chromosome"[All fields] OR “mutation"[All fields] OR “gene expression”[All Fields] OR “bacteria"[All fields] OR “cell line"[All fields] OR “culture"[All fields] OR “bovine"[All fields] OR “bovis"[All fields] OR “ozone"[All fields] OR “rectal cancer"[All fields] OR “bladder cancer"[All fields] OR “breast cancer"[All fields] OR "metastasis”[All Fields] OR "deep-seated"[All Fields] OR “combined treatment"[All fields] OR “chondroplasty”[All Fields])