Empirical and Theoretical Characterization of the Diffusion Process of Different Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles within the Brain Tissue after Ultrasound-Induced Permeabilization of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Table 1

Table reporting the characteristics of the three contrast agents: longitudinal relaxivity r₁ (s⁻¹mM⁻¹) measured at 7 T and 37°C; hydrodynamic diameter found from both DLS measurements, d_H(DLS) and by using the Stokes–Einstein equation, d_H(S-E); free diffusion (D_free) of the molecules. Standard deviations (SD) are shown in bracket. The SD of the D_free values has been calculated by averaging the error estimated on both D_free,X and D_free,Y components when fitting the Gaussian widths through equation (4).

Compound	Number of phantoms	r1 (s^−1mM^−1)	dH (DLS) (nm)	dH (S-E) (nm)	Dfree (10^−10 m^2/s)
Dotarem	1	4.7 (0.2)	1.6 (0.1)	1.5 (0.1)	4.5 (0.2)
Gadovist	1	5.5 (0.3)	1.8 (0.1)	1.7 (0.1)	3.9 (0.2)
MultiHance	1	6.9 (0.3)	2.3 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.8 (0.2)