Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Burn Wound, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches (Conventional Antimicrobials and Nanoparticles)

Table 1

Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of multidrug-resistant pathogens in burn patients.

Approved strategies	(1) Hand hygiene and environmental disinfection protocols
	(2) Isolation of infectious patients caused multidrug-resistant pathogen
	(3) Use of antimicrobial stewardship program
	(4) Graft and excision burn tissue
	(5) Administration of topical antimicrobial agents
	(6) Development of a local antibiogram pattern
	(7) Engagement of infectious disease specialists, burn surgeons, and pharmacists
	(8) Bronchoscopy for help in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in inhalational burn injury
	(9) Wound swabs or biopsy cultures for diagnosis of burn infection
	(10) Removing contaminated catheters with biofilm-forming pathogens
Controversial strategies	(1) Systemic antibiotics prophylaxis and combination therapy for control infections
	(2) Routine central venous catheter replacement
	(3) Antibiotic therapy based on procalcitonin level in burn sepsis