Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Effects of Thymol-Loaded Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles with Amikacin against Four Salmonella enterica Serovars

Table 1

Susceptibility of S. enterica planktonic cells against free thymol, thymol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (TH-NPs), and the copolymer of PLGA.

Isolates	Susceptibility (μg/mL)	Free thymol (μg/mL)	TH-NPs (μg/mL) (fold increase)	PLGAc
S. Typhi ATCC 6539	MIC	64	4 [16]	>1024
	MBC	256	4 [64]	>1024
S. Enteritidis	MIC	64	8 [8]	>1024
	MBC	128	16 [8]	>1024
S. Typhi	MIC	64	8 [8]	>1024
	MBC	256	8 [32]	>1024
S. Typhimurium	MIC	128	8 [16]	>1024
	MBC	128	16 [8]	>1024
S. Choleraesuis	MIC	128	4 [32]	>1024
	MBC	256	8 [32]	>1024

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimum bacterial concentration; TH-NPs: thymol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles; [x]: a ratio between the concentration of free thymol and TH-NPs; PLGAc: unloaded nanoparticles.