Impact of Negative Fluid Balance on Mortality and Outcome of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19

Table 1

Association between minimal sufficient adjustment sets with mortality among COVID-19 patients.

	Crude RR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted RR (95% CI)^†	value
Fluid balance	0.31 (0.19, 0.51)	<0.001	0.69 (0.57, 0.84)	<0.001
Prior heart failure	1.12 (0.63, 1.90)	0.735	1.13 (0.62, 2.11)	0.678
Critical illness	5.22 (2.61, 10.47)	<0.001	5.17 (2.51, 10.61)	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	0.72 (0.23, 2.21)	0.572	0.91 (0.23, 3.51)	0.887
Gender	1.53 (1.03, 2.57)	0.037	1.01 (0.93, 2.56)	0.101
Age	1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	0.180	1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	0.102

^†Risk ratio estimated directly from negative log-binomial regression. The final multivariable models were adjusted for the aforementioned risk factors in the table. Fluid balance was categorized into four groups (group 4: −850 to −500 ml/day, group 3: −499 to −200 ml/day, group 2: −199 to 0 ml/day, and group 1 : 1 to 1000 ml/day (positive fluid balance)). Fluid balance was included ordinally in the model. Significant at value <0.05. The fluid balance and critical illness are significant (p value < 0.05).