Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology / 2023 / Article / Tab 4 / Research Article
Sero- and Feco-Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Associated Risk Factors among Adult Dyspeptic Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Adet Primary Hospital, Yilmana Densa District, Northwest Ethiopia Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of potential risk factors associated with H. pylori in Yilmana Densa district, northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Variables Positive for serology test (%) Positive for stool antigen test (%) Univariate logistic regression Multivariate logistic regression COR (95% CI) valueAOR (95% CI) valueGender Male 145 (69) 123 (58.6) 2.02 (1.33–3.06) 0.001 1.89 (0.86–4.15) 0.111 Female 105 (54.4) 83 (43) 1 1 Age (year) 18–29 51 (56.7) 42 (46.7) 1 1 30–39 90 (65.2) 74 (53.6) 0.62 (0.33–1.17) 0.140 0.68 (0.23–2.02) 0.488 40–49 57 (60) 47 (49.5) 0.97 (0.54–1.76) 0.923 0.69 (0.20–2.35) 0.550 Above 50 52 (65) 43 (53.8) 0.78 (0.42–1.46) 0.438 1.61 (0.44–5.88) 0.469 Residence Rural 206 (78) 175 (66.3) 9.97 (6.19–16.06) <0.001 5.55 (2.34–13.14) <0.001 Urban 44 (31.7) 31 (22.3) 1 Marital status Married 145 (63.3) 122 (53.3) 1.41 (0.81–2.46) 0.226 1.28 (0.45–3.62) 0.641 Widowed 30 (62.5) 23 (47.9) 1.17 (0.55–2.49) 0.69 1.94 (0.50–7.45) 0.335 Divorced 36 (62.1) 32 (55.2) 1.33 (0.64–2.75) 0.441 1.04 (0.28–3.84) 0.955 Single 39 (57.4) 29 (42.6) 1 1 Monthly income (ETB) Below 1000 60 (68.2) 53 (60.2) 1.58 (0.83–3.00) 0.161 0.95 (0.29–3.10) 0.932 1000–2500 142 (61.2) 117 (50.4) 1.09 (0.65–1.82) 0.757 0.99 (0.38–2.57) 0.977 Above 2500 48 (57.8) 36 (43.4) 1 1 Alcohol consumption Yes 200 (71.7) 168 (60.2) 4.36 (2.78–6.83) <0.001 12.34 (2.29–66.51) 0.003∗ No 50 (40.3) 38 (30.6) 1 1 Frequency of alcohol consumption Once/week 27 (58.7) 23 (50) 1 1 1–3 times/week 77 (62.6) 60 (48.8) 0.71 (0.34–1.46) 0.35 1.27 (0.45–3.57) 0.648 >3 times/week 82 (74.5) 72 (65.5) 1.66 (0.76–3.60) 0.205 2.63 (0.86–8.06) 0.091 Tobacco smoking Yes 30 (76.9) 23 (59) 2.26 (1.01–5.05) 0.048 3.09 (0.45–19.17) 0.225 No 220 (60.4) 183 (50.3) 1 1 Khat chewing Yes 40 (70.2) 38 (66.7) 1.62 (0.87–3.05) 0.131 1.20 (0.40–3.62) 0.748 No 210 (60.7) 168 (48.6) 1 1 Coffee drinking Yes 162 (63.8) 135 (53.1) 1.29 (0.85–1.96) 0.235 1.39 (0.64–3.04) 0.411 No 88 (59.1) 71 (47.7) 1 1 Raw milk consumption Yes 144 (64.9) 120 (54.1) 1.43 (0.95–2.16) 0.085 1.29 (0.59–2.83) 0.529 No 106 (58.6) 86 (47.5) 1 1 Awareness on transmission of H. pylori Yes 46 (46.9) 32 (32.7) 1 1 No 204 (66.9) 174 (57) 2.7 (1.69–4.31) <0.001 4.76 (1.86–12.15) 0.001 Source of drinking water Piped water 76 (42.9) 58 (32.8) 1 1 Spring water 55 (68.8) 47 (58.8) 3.69 (2.04–6.52) <0.001 1.73 (0.63–4.73) 0.285 Pond/river 119 (81.5) 101 (69.2) 7.73 (4.46–13.39) <0.001 5.22 (1.91–14.27) 0.001 Type of toilet facility Improved latrine pit 53 (42.1) 43 (34.1) 1 1 Unimproved pit 56 (58.3) 44 (45.8) 1.85 (1.08–3.17) 0.026 1.14 (0.42–3.14) 0.794 Open field 141 (77.9) 119 (65.7) 5.05 (3.04–8.40) <0.001 4.19 (1.67–10.52) 0.002 Habit of hand washing after toilet Yes 19 (33.3) 17 (29.8) 1 1 No 231 (66.8) 189 (54.6) 4.65 (2.56–8.45) <0.000 2.78 (0.91–8.48) 0.07 Share beds with siblings Yes 228 (63.2) 188 (52.1) 0.66 (018 3−1.19) 0.154 2.78 (0.91–8.48) 0.072 No 22 (52.4) 18 (42.9) 1 1 Sanitary practice at home Low 109 (73.6) 94 (63.5) 5.226 (3.067–8.904) <0.001 1.59 (0.54–4.62) 0. 399 Medium 90 (68.7) 71 (54.2) 3.266 (1.947–5.479) <0.001 1.34 (0.50–3.54) 0.561 High 51 (41.11) 41 (33.1) 1 1