Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Serum Albumin Ratio as a Factor That Negatively Affects the Mortality of Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses of factors affecting 30-day mortality with HAP.

Characteristics	Related mortality, (13.0%)	Survival, (87.0%)	Univariate			Multivariate
			HR	95% Cl		HR	95% Cl
Age >70 years	71 (47.3%)	338 (32.5%)	1.701	1.234–2.343	0.001	1.329	0.943–1.874	0.105
Gender: male	103 (68.7%)	620 (61.5%)	1.344	0.952–1.898	0.093
Smoke	33 (22.0%)	215 (21.3%)	1.045	0.710-1.537	0.825
Diabetes mellitus	40 (26.7%)	190 (18.8%)	1.524	1.061–2.188	0.023	1.366	0.936–1.995	0.106
COPD	12 (8.0%)	43 (0.43%)	1.843	1.022–3.324	0.042	1.075	0.569–2.030	0.824
Antibiotics therapy in the preceding 90 days	106 (70.7%)	460 (45.6%)	2.684	1.888–3.815	<0.001	1.875	1.278–2.751	0.001
Stomach tube intubation	54 (36.0%)	253 (25.1%)	1.606	1.151–2.442	0.005	0.899	0.616–1.313	0.582
Central venous catheterization	32 (21.3%)	165 (16.4%)	1.348	0.912–1.992	0.134
Use of PPI	118 (78.7%)	627 (62.2%)	2.138	1.447–3.161	<0.001	1.508	1.003–2.268	0.048
ICU admission	15 (10.0%)	15 (1.5%)	5.190	3.043–8.852	<0.001	2.405	1.334–4.338	0.004
ALB < 30 g/l	27 (18.0%)	97 (9.6%)	1.904	1.255–2.888	0.002	1.346	0.874–2.074	0.177
WBC, mean ± SD, ^∗10^9/L	10.17 ± 8.43	10.47 ± 5.19	0.991	0.961–1.023	0.586
Lymphocyte count <0.8 × 10^9/l	64 (42.7%)	263 (26.1%)	1.964	1.421–2.714	<0.001	1.626	1.126–2.348	0.009
NLR	11.18 ± 11.37	8.76 ± 8.62	1.019	1.007–1.031	0.002	1.004	0.987–1.022	0.619
BUN/ALB	0.33 ± 0.28	0.20 ± 0.15	9.100	5.647–14.663	<0.001	3.871	2.174–6.893	<0.001
MDR pathogens	51 (34.0%)	142 (14.1%)	2.835	2.022–3.975	<0.001	1.870	1.252–2.794	0.002

HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; use of PPI: use of proton-pump inhibitor; ICU admission: intensive care unit admission; ALB: albumin; WBC: white blood cell; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio; BUN/ALB: blood urea nitrogen/blood albumin; MDR: multidrug resistant.