Research Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Active TB among Adult HIV Patients Receiving ART in Northwestern Tanzania: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 2
Univariate and multivariate analysis for factors associated with development of active TB while receiving ART.
| | Variables | TB while receiving ART | Unadjusted | Adjusted | | Yes () | No () | OR (95% CI) | value | OR (95% CI) | value |
| | Gender | | | | | | | | Male | 24 (55.81) | 072 (20.69) | | | | | | Female | 19 (44.19) | 276 (79.31) | 4.8 (2.5–9.3) | <0.001 | 2.9 (1.3–6.2) | 0.007 | | Age group | | | | | | | | ≥50 years | 07 (16.28) | 005 (16.67) | | | | | | <50 years | 36 (83.72) | 290 (83.33) | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | 0.949 | | | | Marital status | | | | | | | | Single | 04 (09.30) | 050 (14.37) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.368 | | | | Married | 21 (48.84) | 143 (41.09) | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | 0.333 | | | | Divorced | 17 (39.53) | 095 (27.30) | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) | 0.166 | | | | Widowed | 01 (02.33) | 060 (17.24) | 0.1 (0.0–0.8) | 0.034 | | | | Occupation | | | | | | | | Formal | 02 (04.65) | 023 (06.61) | 0.7 (0.2–3.0) | 0.622 | | | | Peasant | 06 (13.95) | 096 (27.59) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.061 | | | | Petty business | 18 (41.86) | 110 (31.61) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 0.179 | | | | Driver | 04 (09.30) | 008 (02.30) | 4.3 (1.2–15.0) | 0.027 | 2.5 (0.4–13.3) | 0.294 | | Student | 02 (04.65) | 007 (02.01) | 2.3 (0.4–11.8) | 0.290 | | | | H/wife | 05 (11.63) | 036 (10.34) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 0.796 | | | | Others | 06 (13.95) | 058 (19.54) | 0.7 (0.2–1.6) | 0.380 | | | | Nutrition status | | | | | | | | Under WT | 14 (32.56) | 048 (13.79) | 3.0 (1.4–6.1) | 0.002 | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 0.463 | | Normal WT | 21 (48.84) | 204 (58.62) | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 0.223 | | | | Over WT | 06 (13.95) | 064 (18.39) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 0.476 | | | | Obese | 02 (03.23) | 053 (08.76) | 0.4 (0.1–2.0) | 0.329 | | | | WHO stage | | | | | | | | 3 and 4 | 31 (72.09) | 148 (42.53) | | | | | | 1 and 2 | 12 (27.91) | 200 (57.47) | 3.5 (1.7–7.0) | <0.001 | 2.4 (1.0–5.2) | 0.029 | | Baseline CD4 | | | | | | | | <200 cells/µl | 35 (81.40) | 094 (27.01) | | | | | | ≥200 cells/µl | 08 (18.60) | 254 (72.99) | 11.8 (5.2–26.4) | <0.001 | 9.1 (3.9–21.0) | <0.001 | | Anemia | | | | | | | | Yes | 22 (51.16) | 167 (47.99) | | | | | | No | 21 (48.84) | 181 (52.01) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 0.694 | | | | IPT use | | | | | | | | No | 39 (90.70) | 249 (71.55) | | | | | | Yes | 04 (09.30) | 099 (28.45) | 3.8 (1.3–11.1) | 0.012 | 3.1 (1.0–9.4) | 0.05 | | ART regimen | | | | | | | | TDF/3TC/EFV | 39 (90.70) | 336 (96.55) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.080 | | | | AZT/3TC/EFV | 02 (04.65) | 004 (01.15) | 4.1 (0.7–23.6) | 0.104 | | | | AZT/3TC/NVP | 02 (04.65) | 008 (02.30) | 2.0 (0.4–10.1) | 0.367 | | |
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ART: antiretroviral therapy; AZT: zidovudine; CI: confidence interval; CD4: cluster of differentiation 4; EFV: efavirenz; 3TC: lamivudine; H/wife: housewife; IPT: isoniazid preventive therapy; NVP: nevirapine; TDF: tenofovir; WT: weight.
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