Dragonfly Algorithm and Its Applications in Applied Science Survey
Table 13
Comparison of results of the classical benchmark functions between DA, PSO, DE, and FA.
F
Meas.
DA
PSO
DE
FA
F1
Mean
2.85E − 18
4.2E − 18
2.23e − 19
1.72e − 10
Std.
7.16E − 18
1.31E − 18
1.75e − 19
9.43e − 10
F2
Mean
1.49E − 05
0.003154
6.24e − 12
6.01e − 07
Std.
3.76E − 05
0.009811
2.2e − 12
3.29e − 06
F3
Mean
1.29E − 06
0.001891
27.882386
1.58e − 10
Std.
2.1E − 06
0.003311
12.845742
8.66e − 10
F4
Mean
0.000988
0.001748
0.002883
5.913 − 03
Std.
0.002776
0.002515
0.000577
0.029813
F5
Mean
7.600558
63.45331
9.50058
2.383765
Std.
6.786473
80.12726
3.204155
1.350716
F6
Mean
4.17E − 16
4.36E − 17
2.22e − 19
1.9e − 10
Std.
1.32E − 15
1.38E − 16
1.47e − 19
1.04e − 09
F7
Mean
0.010293
0.005973
0.005256
1.57e − 04
Std.
0.004691
0.003583
0.001649
1.01e − 04
F8
Mean
−2857.58
−7.1E +11
−4181.932984
−3566.452419
Std.
383.6466
1.2E + 12
30.0487686
239.113661
F9
Mean
16.01883
10.44724
7.31e − 11
7.462188
Std.
9.479113
7.879807
1.04e − 10
4.41686
F10
Mean
0.23103
0.280137
2.1e − 10
8.47e − 07
Std.
0.487053
0.601817
9.14e − 11
4.64e − 06
F11
Mean
0.193354
0.083463
0.001259
0.053309
Std.
0.073495
0.035067
0.002957
0.053615
F12
Mean
0.031101
8.57E − 11
2.32e − 20
1.92e − 12
Std.
0.098349
2.71E − 10
3.1e − 20
1.05e − 11
F13
Mean
0.002197
0.002197
4.25e − 20
8.21e − 12
Std.
0.004633
0.004633
4.52e − 20
4.5e − 11
F14
Mean
103.742
150
0.99800
0.99800
Std.
91.24364
135.4006
0
1.700065e − 16
F15
Mean
193.0171
188.1951
0.000698
3.77e − 04
Std.
80.6332
157.2834
1.546e − 04
1.853–04
F16
Mean
458.2962
263.0948
−1.031628
−1.031628
Std.
165.3724
187.1352
6.77e − 16
1.06e − 15
F17
Mean
596.6629
466.5429
0.3978873
3.0
Std.
171.0631
180.9493
0
6.05e − 15
F18
Mean
229.9515
136.1759
2.9999999
−3.862782
Std.
184.6095
160.0187
1.27e − 15
2.79e − 15
F19
Mean
679.588
741.6341
−3.862782
−3.259273
Std.
199.4014
206.7296
2.71e − 15
0.059789
F20
Mean
−3.32199
−3.27047
−3.321797
−9.316829
Std.
−3.38E − 06
0.059923
0.001054
2.21393
F21
Mean
−10.1532
−7.3874
−9.867489
−10.147907
Std.
6.60E − 15
3.11458
0.722834
1.396876
F22
Mean
−10.4029
−8.5305
−10.381587
−9.398946
Std.
1.51E − 06
3.038572
0.075194
1.99413
F23
Mean
−10.5364
−9.1328
−10.530836
−10.2809
Std.
2.97E − 07
2.640148
0.02909
1.39948
For each test function, the result of the algorithm that has shown its superiority comparing to the other algorithms for solving a specific function is shown in bold.