Multiscale Cooperative Differential Evolution Algorithm

Figure 2

Evolution of the mean function error values derived from JADE, jDE, SaDE, CoDE, CoBiDE, LSHADE, and MCDE versus the number of FES on F₃, F₄, F₅, F₇, F₁₀, F₁₂, F₁₃, and F₂₃. (a) D = 30 F₃. (b) D = 30 F₄. (c) D = 30 F₅. (d) D = 30 F₇. (e) D = 30 F₁₀. (f) D = 30 F₁₂. (g) D = 30 F₁₃. (h) D = 30 F₂₃.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)