Research Article
New Dandelion Algorithm Optimizes Extreme Learning Machine for Biomedical Classification Problems
Table 3
Mean value and standard deviation achieved by DA, BA, EFWA, and PSO (accurate to 10−6).
| Function | BA mean (Std) | EFWA mean (Std) | PSO mean (Std) | DA mean (Std) |
| Sphere | 0.001277 (0.000144) | 0.079038 (0.010276) | 0.09323 (0.053308) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Schwefel | 0.00417 (0.000856) | 0.310208 (0.082243) | 0.551331 (0.382977) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Rosenbrock | 26.94766 (1.396553) | 97.43135 (86.30464) | 117.0419 (100.6725) | 15.88892 (0.262501) | Ackley | 2.175684 (0.386022) | 11.67335 (9.79794) | 6.062462 (1.350912) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Griewank | 0.000069 (0.000009) | 0.139219 (0.027736) | 0.020483 (0.019879) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Rastrigin | 29.47549 (7.795089) | 130.8502 (22.96112) | 63.04136 (15.74571) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Penalized | 0.673172 (0.804593) | 0.002687 (0.001646) | 17.48197 (11.78603) | 0.001939 (0.00423) | Six-Hump Camel-Back | −1.03163 (0.000000) | −1.03163 (0.000000) | −1.03163 (0.000000) | −1.03163 (0.000000) | Goldstein-Price | 13.05883 (18.67556) | 3.000000 (0.000000) | 6.176471 (15.87918) | 3.000000 (0.000000) | Schaffer | 0.004731 (0.006673) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | 0.005302 (0.00666) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Axis Parallel Hyper Ellipsoid | 0.023513 (0.004702) | 0.00306 (0.000568) | 1.743886 (1.521884) | 0.000000 (0.000000) | Rotated Hyper Ellipsoid | 0.024743 (0.005611) | 0.490085 (0.073349) | 1.30426 (2.23374) | 0.000000 (0.000000) |
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