Prevalence and Factors Associated with Impairment in Intrinsic Capacity among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Observational Study from South India
Table 4
Factors associated with domains of intrinsic capacity.
Variables
Cognition
Hearing
Vision
Vitality
Locomotion
Mood
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Age
Continuous
1.00 (0.97–1.03)
1.07 (1.05–1.09)
0.98 (0.96–1.00)
1.04 (1.00–1.09)
1.01 (0.99–1.03)
1.00 (0.86–1.05)
<75 years
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
≥75 years
1.16 (0.72–1.87)
2.26 (1.59–3.20)
0.71 (0.52–0.97)
1.19 (0.55–2.57)
1.57 (1.14–2.16)
0.83 (0.36–1.91)
Gender
Male
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Female
0.85 (0.56–1.28)
0.72 (0.52–0.98)
1.01 (0.78–1.31)
1.41 (0.69–2.89)
0.98 (0.75–1.27)
1.01 (0.51–1.98)
SEC
Upper
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Upper middle
0.93 (0.54–1.59)
1.24 (0.80–1.91)
1.70 (1.21–2.39)
0.89 (0.38–2.5)
1.23 (0.87–1.73)
0.54 (0.22–1.29)
Lower middle
0.82 (0.44–1.52)
1.09 (0.67–1.78)
0.90 (0.61–1.33)
0.97 (0.39–2.44)
0.90 (0.62–1.31)
0.60 (0.22–1.61)
Upper lower
0.79 (0.34–1.84)
0.92 (0.47–1.81)
0.94 (0.56–1.57)
0.25 (0.03–2.00)
0.74 (0.45–1.22)
1.68 (0.62–4.58)
Marital status
Married
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Unmarried
0.25 (0.03–1.89)
0.92 (0.38–2.28)
0.81 (0.41–1.68)
1
0.92 (0.46–1.88)
1
Smoking
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.94 (0.28–3.14)
2.50 (1.17–5.35)
0.73 (0.34–1.55)
0.89 (0.12–6.71)
0.78 (0.37–1.61)
1
Alcohol
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.95 (0.40–2.28)
2.09 (1.18–3.69)
1.00 (0.59–1.70)
0.45 (0.06–3.19)
1.35 (0.78–2.36)
0.43 (0.06–3.19)
ADL score
Continuous
0.69 (0.59–0.83)
0.81 (0.69–0.96)
0.97 (0.83–1.13)
1.66 (0.69–3.93)
0.46 (0.33–0.64)
0.73 (0.57–0.94)
ADL category
Intact
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Impaired
1.90 (1.18–3.06)
1.34 (0.89–1.99)
1.08 (0.77–1.51)
0.58 (0.20–1.67)
2.44 (1.67–3.56)
1.60 (0.74–3.46)
IADL score
Continuous
0.94 (0.82–1.08)
0.75 (0.67–0.83)
1.01 (0.93–1.09)
1.03 (0.82–1.29)
0.99 (0.91–1.08)
1.07 (0.85–1.35)
Hypertension
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.68 (0.42–1.09)
1.21 (0.87–1.70)
1.11 (0.85–1.47)
0.77 (0.36–1.64)
1.26 (0.95–1.66)
0.98 (0.48–2.00)
Diabetes
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.54 (0.28–1.04)
0.80 (0.52–1.25)
1.18 (0.84–1.65)
1.16 (0.50–2.69)
1.33 (0.94–1.88)
0.57 (0.20–1.63)
Chronic respiratory illness
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.89 (0.43–1.83)
0.93 (0.53–1.61)
0.074 (0.48–1.15)
1.19 (0.41–3.43)
1.67 (1.05–2.65)
2.75 (1.22–6.18)
CVD
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.65 (0.19–2.16)
0.57 (0.22–1.47)
0.99 (0.53–1.85)
1
2.98 (1.34–6.44)
1
Chronic neurologic illness
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
1.99 (0.90–4.43)
1.11 (0.52–2.35)
1.21 (0.66–2.24)
1.28 (0.29–5.51)
3.70 (1.63–8.41)
3.68 (1.36–9.94)
Multimorbidity
No
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Ref
Yes
0.82 (0.46–1.46)
0.92 (0.59–1.42)
0.96 (0.68–1.34)
1.42 (0.64–3.18)
2.02 (1.39–2.93)
1.38 (0.62–3.06)
value <0.05. value <0.005. SEC: socioeconomic status, ADL: activity of daily living, IADL: instrumental activities of daily living, and CVD: cardiovascular disease.
