Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research

Research Article

Gender Differences between Multimorbidity and All-Cause Mortality among Older Adults

Table 5

Adjusted hazard ratios (95% Confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality according to combinations of four and five chronic diseases by sex (SABE study, municipality of São Paulo, 2000).


Combinations of diseases	By sex
Combinations of diseases	Females		Males

Four diseases^a	HR	(95% CI)	HR	(95% CI)
HT-CD-MSDs-DM	1.74	0.95, 3.19	5.72	1.72, 19.06
Three of four	2.40	1.66, 3.48	1.83	1.21, 2.73
Two of four	1.50	1.15, 1.95	1.45	1.06, 2.00
One of four	1.46	1.17, 1.81	1.24	0.98, 1.55
HT-CD-MSDs-MD	2.16	1.04, 4.51	3.81	2.04, 7.08
Three of four	1.91	1.32, 2.76	1.38	0.77, 2.48
Two of four	1.59	1.21, 2.09	1.22	0.89, 1.69
One of four	1.53	1.23, 1.89	1.19	0.93, 1.52
HT-CD- MSDs-RD	2.97	1.68, 5.25	2.86	1.18, 6.88
Three of four	2.16	1.50, 3.10	1.80	1.11, 2.91
Two of four	1.44	1.07, 1.92	1.50	1.08, 2.08
One of four	1.46	1.16, 1.82	1.22	0.97, 1.54
HT-MSDs-DM-MD	2.27	1.18, 4.38	2.62	1.85, 3.70
Three of four	1.43	1.01, 2.01	1.56	0.83, 2.95
Two of four	1.78	1.39, 2.29	1.34	0.96, 1.85
One of four	1.42	1.15, 1.75	1.20	0.95, 1.51
HT-CD-DM-MD	4.56	1.69, 12.29	1.84	0.44, 7.63
Three of four	2.14	1.51, 3.04	1.89	1.06, 3.40
Two of four	1.84	1.39, 2.44	1.29	0.95, 1.74
One of four	1.38	1.14, 1.67	1.24	0.97, 1.59

Five diseases^a
HT-CD-MSDs-DM-MD	6.15	2.32, 16.32	2.94	2.02, 4.29
Four of five	1.99	1.27, 3.12	3.63	0.94, 13.96
Three of five	2.36	1.66, 3.36	1.47	0.94, 2.32
Two of five	1.71	1.32, 2.21	1.35	0.99, 1.83
One of five	1.52	1.22, 1.91	1.28	0.99, 1.63
HT-CD-MSDs-DM-RD	3.65	0.91, 14.57	†
Four of five	1.97	1.25, 3.10	4.60	2.62, 8.09
Three of five	2.57	1.76, 3.75	1.55	0.94, 2.53
Two of five	1.51	1.13, 2.00	1.61	1.17, 2.20
One of five	1.41	1.11, 1.79	1.27	0.97, 1.66
HT-CD-MSDs-MD-RD	4.14	1.24, 13.85	†
Four of five	1.96	1.04, 3.69	3.11	1.73, 5.60
Three of five	2.03	1.38, 2.98	1.35	0.76, 2.40
Two of five	1.62	1.22, 2.14	1.33	0.96, 1.85
One of five	1.55	1.22, 1.96	1.22	0.95, 1.57
HT-MSDs-DM-MD-RD	2.77	0.54, 14.33	†
Four of five	1.86	1.07, 3.23	1.27	0.28, 5.68
Three of five	1.68	1.22, 2.31	2.38	1.56, 3.65
Two of five	1.84	1.41, 2.40	1.40	1.01, 1.93
One of five	1.42	1.13, 1.79	1.30	1.00, 1.68

Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models adjusted by age, education, marital status, living arrangement, self-rated health, visual impairment, and mini-mental score. ^aReferent: no disease. HT: hypertension; MSDS: musculoskeletal disorders; CD: cardiovascular diseases; DM: diabetes mellitus; MD: mental disorders; RD: respiratory diseases. † denotes no value.