Medication Consumption Patterns and Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling Elderly in Lomé (Togo) in 2017

Table 1

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of community-dwelling elderly in Lomé, Togo in 2017 (N = 370).

	Total (N = 370)	Male (N = 167)	Female (N = 203)	p value
Age (years)
Median (IQR)	65 (62–71)	66 (63–69.5)	65 (62–73)	0.537
Marital status, n (%)				<0.001
Single	9 (2.4)	4 (2.4)	5 (2.5)
Widowed	131 (35.4)	20 (12.0)	111 (54.6)
Married/living with a partner	214 (57.8)	134 (80.2)	80 (39.4)
Divorced	15 (4.1)	9 (5.4)	6 (3.0)
MD	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)
Education level, n (%)				<0.001
None	100 (27.0)	17 (10.2)	83 (40.9)
Primary school	107 (29.0)	42 (25.2)	65 (32.0)
Secondary school	100 (27.0)	60 (35.9)	40 (19.7)
University	60 (16.2)	47 (28.1)	13 (6.4)
MD	3 (0.8)	1 (0.6)	2 (1.0)
Monthly revenue (euros), n (%)				<0.001
<150	258 (69.7)	94 (56.3)	164 (80.8)
(150–450)	77 (20.8)	55 (32.9)	22 (10.8)
>450	20 (5.4)	12 (7.2)	8 (4.0)
MD	15 (4.1)	6 (3.6)	9 (4.4)
Past medical history, n (%)
Hypertension	187 (50.5)	67 (40.1)	120 (59.1)	<0.001
Diabetes	67 (18.1)	30 (17.9)	37 (18.2)	0.948
Other CVD^1	50 (13.5)	22 (13.2)	28 (13.8)	0.862
Osteoarthritis	219 (59.2)	84 (50.3)	135 (66.5)	0.002
Visual impairment^2	46 (12.4)	20 (12.0)	26 (12.8)	0.809
Gastrointestinal disease^3	32 (8.7)	18 (10.8)	14 (6.9)	0.186
Dyslipidemia	42 (11.4)	15 (8.9)	27 (13.3)	0.192
Number of medical conditions, n (%)				0.033
0	45 (12.2)	28 (16.8)	17 (8.4)
1	112 (30.3)	54 (32.3)	58 (28.6)
2	123 (33.2)	52 (31.1)	71 (35.0)
≥3	90 (24.3)	33 (19.8)	47 (28.0)

IQR=interquartile range, MD=Missing data. ¹Other CVD= cardiovascular diseases including arrhythmia, cardiac conduction disorders, chronic congestive heart failure. ²Visual impairment including age-related degeneration, cataract, glaucoma, and blindness. ³Gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer, hemorrhoids, chronic constipation, and chronic hepatitis. Mann-Whitney U test; Fisher’s exact test; Chi square test.