Research Article
Cognitive Functioning and Associated Factors in Older Adults: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-2015
Table 1
Sample characteristics and prevalence of cognitive functioning among older adults in Indonesia.
| | Variables | | Total sample | Overall cognition score | Bivariate analysis | | | | N (%) | M (SD) | Beta (95% CI) |
| | All | | 1228 | 14.7 (4.3) | | | Age in years | 65-74 | 995 (81.2) | 15.2 (4.3) | Reference | | 75 and over | 233 (18.8) | 12.6 (3.6) | -2.61 (-3.18 to -2.05) | | Gender | Female | 540 (44.7) | 14.4 (4.4) | Reference | | Male | 688 (55.3) | 15.0 (4.2) | 0.54 (0.003 to 1.09) | | Formal education | Low | 880 (74.2) | 13.8 (4.0) | Reference | | High | 346 (25.8) | 17.6 (4.0) | 3.80 (3.25 to 4.35) | | Economic background | Poor | 408 (34.9) | 13.9 (4.0) | Reference | | Medium | 492 (38.9) | 15.2 (4.4) | 1.26 (0.65 to 1.87) | | Rich | 328 (26.1) | 15.2 (4.5) | 1.29 (0.60 to 1.97) | | Residence | Rural | 520 (45.9) | 13.9 (4.1) | Reference | | Urban | 708 (54.1) | 15.4 (4.4) | 1.49 (0.95 to 2.02) | | Region | Sumatra | 248 (20.2) | 14.7 (3.8) | Reference | | Java | 738 (60.1) | 14.8 (4.4) | 0.15 (-0.42 to 0.73) | | Major island groups | 242 (19.7) | 14.2 (4.2) | -0.41 (-1.12 to 0.30) | | Social capital | High | 986 (81.7) | 14.8 (4.3) | Reference | | Low | 242 (18.3) | 14.3 (4.3) | -0.52 (-0.15 to 1.19) | | Subjective health status | Healthy | 762 (64.0) | 15.0 (4.4) | Reference | | Unhealthy | 466 (36.0) | 14.3 (4.2) | -0.68 (-1.23 to -0.13) | | Life satisfaction | Moderate, high | 1007 (82.2) | 15.0 (4.4) | Reference | | Low | 220 (17.8) | 13.8 (3.9) | -1.20 (-1.85 to -0.56) | | Hypertension | No | 414 (33.9) | 15.3 (4.3) | Reference | | Yes | 790 (66.1) | 14.5 (4.3) | -0.85 (-1.42 to -0.28) | | Stroke | No | 1191 (97.1) | 14.7 (4.3) | Reference | | Yes | 37 (2.9) | 14.8 (3.7) | 0.11 (-1.20 to 1.43) | | Depressive symptoms (≥15 scores) | No | 1168 (94.7) | 14.8 (4.3) | Reference | | Yes | 60 (5.3) | 13.6 (3.9) | -1.23 (-2.38 to -0.08) | | Insomnia symptoms | No | 1106 (89.7) | 14.8 (4.4) | Reference | | Yes | 121 (10.3) | 14.0 (3.9) | -0.87 (-1.66 to -0.07) | | Underweight (BMI <18.5) | No | 981 (80.9) | 15.0 (4.4) | Reference | | Yes | 234 (19.1) | 13.8 (4.1) | -1.16 (-1.82 to -0.49) | | Tobacco use status | Never, former | 812 (65.4) | 15.0 (4.4) | Reference | | Current | 416 (34.6) | 14.3 (4.2) | -0.74 (-1.29 to -0.18) | | Physical activity | Medium, high | 612 (48.9) | 14.9 (4.4) | Reference | | Low | 616 (51.1) | 14.6 (4.3) | -0.28 (-0.82 to 0.25) | | ADL/IADL | None | 822 (67.9) | 15.0 (4.3) | Reference | | One | 301 (23.9) | 14.6 (4.3) | -0.69 (-1.30 to -0.07) | | Two or more | 105 (8.2) | 13.5 (4.2) | -1.16 (-2.18 to -0.15) |
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P<0.001; P<0.01; P<0.05. (I) ADL=(Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living. |
