Social Determinants of Active Aging: Differences in Mortality and the Loss of Healthy Life between Different Income Levels among Older Japanese in the AGES Cohort Study
Table 4
Age-adjusted hazard ratio for mortality and loss of healthy life.
Mortality
Loss of healthy life
Hazard ratio
95% confidence interval
Hazard ratio
95% confidence interval
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Sample subjects are all community-dwelling independent elderly
Income level
Level 5
2417
23.5
1.00
1.00
Level 4
3113
30.3
1.17
0.99
1.40
0.073
1.23
1.07
1.41
0.004
Men
Level 3
2568
25.0
1.55
1.31
1.84
<0.001
1.54
1.35
1.77
<0.001
Level 2
2150
20.9
1.53
1.28
1.82
<0.001
1.73
1.51
1.99
<0.001
Level 1
42
0.4
3.50
1.91
6.42
<0.001
3.71
2.24
6.13
<0.001
Income level
Level 5
413
3.3
1.00
1.00
Level 4
480
3.8
1.44
0.79
2.62
0.231
1.17
0.84
1.64
0.352
Women
Level 3
7900
63.0
1.42
0.90
2.25
0.129
1.12
0.88
1.43
0.363
Level 2
3691
29.4
1.54
0.97
2.45
0.069
1.41
1.10
1.81
0.007
Level 1
55
0.4
2.48
1.09
5.67
0.031
2.27
1.43
3.63
0.001
Sample subjects are limited to those who responded about income in the mail survey