Questioning the Role of Carotid Artery Ultrasound in Assessing Fluid Responsiveness in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 6
Subgroup metaregression for pooled carotid US measures.
Parameter
Category
Studies
Sensitivity (C.I.)
. value
Specificity
. value
Index test threshold
10%
10
0.74 (0.65, 0.83)
0.06
0.89 (0.81, 0.97)
0.92
15%
11
0.71 (0.63–0.80)
0.74 (0.61–0.88)
Reference measurement
Gold standard
15
0.74 (0.68, 0.81)
0.01
0.85 (0.76, 0.95)
0.12
Not gold standard
6
0.68 (0.57, 0.79)
0.76 (0.57, 95)
Type of fluid challenge
IV fluid
16
0.72 (0.65, 0.79)
0.10
0.78 (0.68, 0.89)
0.02
PLR
5
0.74 (0.60, 0.87)
0.94 (0.87, 1.0)
Sepsis/septic shock
Yes
7
0.72 (0.61, 0.83)
0.05
0.89 (0.79, 0.99)
0.94
No
14
0.73 (0.65)
0.79 (0.67, 0.90)
Gold standard = left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral or pulmonary artery catheters, PLR = passive leg raise, CI = confidence interval.
