Change in Antimicrobial Therapy Based on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Data Improves Outcomes in ICU Patients with Suspected Pneumonia
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of patients (n = 150).
Demographic data
Overall (n = 150)
Antimicrobial modified group (n = 113)
No-change group (n = 37)
value
Age group
<20
5 (3.3)
4 (3.54)
1 (2.70)
0.15
20–50
33 (22)
29 (25.66)
4 (10.81)
>50
112 (74.7)
80 (70.80)
32 (86.49)
Gender
Male
100 (66.67)
74 (65.49)
26 (70.27)
0.59
Female
50 (33.33)
39 (34.51)
11 (29.73)
Smoking
52 (34.7)
39 (34.51)
13 (35.14)
0.95
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus
44 (29.3)
33 (29.2)
11 (29.73)
0.95
Hypertension
46 (30.7)
33 (29.20)
13 (35.14)
0.41
Chronic kidney disease
13 (8.7)
7 (6.19)
6 (16.22)
0.061
Ischemic heart disease
5 (3.3)
4 (3.54)
1 (2.70)
0.81
Others
11 (7.3)
6 (5.31)
5 (13.51)
0.01
Prebronchoscopy diagnosis n (%)
Community-acquired pneumonia
81 (54.0)
63 (55.75)
18 (48.65)
0.49
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
20 (13.3)
16 (14.16)
4 (10.81)
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
19 (12.7)
12 (10.62)
7 (18.92)
Lung collapse (with suspected pneumonia)
15 (10.0)
10 (8.85)
5 (13.51)
Aspiration pneumonia
5 (3.3)
3 (2.65)
2 (5.41)
Others (with suspected pneumonia)
10 (6.7)
9 (7.96)
1 (2.70)
Route of bronchoscope insertion n (%)
Trans endotracheal tube
63(42)
47 (41.59)
16 (43.24)
0.66
Trans nasal
77 (51.3)
57 (50.44)
20 (54.05)
Trans oral
4 (2.7)
4 (3.54)
0
Trans tracheostomy
6 (4)
5 (4.4)
1 (2.7)
Invasive mechanical ventilation
64 (42.7)
48 (42.5)
16 (43.2)
0.94
Chi-square test; a value is for the difference between the two groups, i.e., the antimicrobial modified group and the no-change group. Seven patients (4.7%) were human immune deficiency virus positive (HIV-positive). The most common symptom at presentation was cough in 107 patients (71.33%) followed by breathlessness in 97 patients (64.66%). Other symptoms included sputum production (n = 72 (48%)), fever (n = 71 (47.33%)), and haemoptysis (n = 4 (2.67%)).
