Is the Critical Care Resuscitation Unit Sustainable: A 5-Year Experience of a Beneficial and Novel Model
Table 1
Demographics and clinical features of patients from all UMMC units during the 5-year study period.
Variables
All UMMC
UMMC CCRU
UMMC ICU
UMMC ED
UMMC other inpatient units
†
Total patients, N, (%)
31582 (100)
7788 (25)
5061 (16)
4189 (13)
14544 (46)
NA
Age (years), mean (SD)
55 (17)
57 (16)
59 (16)
47 (18)
56 (18)
<0.001, <0.001, <0.001
Type of transport, N (%)^#
Air
1500 (5)
890 (11)
304 (6)
25 (1)
281 (4)
<0.001, <0.001, <0.001 <0.001, <0.001, <0.001
Ground
13024 (41)
2887 (37)
2213 (44)
1762 (42)
6162 (42)
Unknown
17058 (54)
4011 (52)
2544 (50)
2402 (57)
8101 (56)
Ground distance (km), median [IQR]
42 [14–77]
50 [15–81]
47 [13–78]
22 [5–54]
50 [22–94]
0.001, <0.001, 0.82
Number of hospital beds, median [IQR]
183 [131–268]
200 [137–272]
182 [137–272]
170 [109–257]
178 [139–272]
0.028, <0.001, 0.001
Type of referring hospital, N (%)^
Teaching
9719 (31)
2650 (34)
1710 (34)
1124 (27)
4235 (29)
0.71, 0.49, <0.001 0.60, <0.001, <0.001
Community
20305 (64)
5006 (64)
3276 (65)
2059 (49)
9964 (69)
Other/unknown
1558 (5)
132 (2)
75 (1)
1006 (24)
345 (2)
Transfer request to bed assignment (minute), median [IQR]
121 [40–411]
46 [22–139]
156 [65–422]
23 [11–56]
259 [65–1027]
<0.001, <0.001, <0.001
Admission day of the week, N (%)
Weekday (Monday–Friday)
23549 (75)
5831 (75)
3732 (74)
2861 (68)
11125 (76)
0.15, <0.001, 0.007
Weekend (Saturday–Sunday)
8033 (25)
1957 (25)
1329 (26)
1328 (32)
3419 (24)
Admission time of the day, N (%)
Day time (07 : 00–19 : 00)
19887 (63)
4712 (61)
3197 (63)
2423 (58)
9555 (66)
0.002, 0.005, <0.001
Evening time (19 : 01–06 : 59)
11695 (37)
3076 (39)
1864 (37)
1766 (42)
4989 (34)
Accepting service, N (%)^
Emergency general surgery
1382 (4)
813 (10)
9 (0)
22 (1)
538 (4)
<0.001, NA, <0.001 <0.001, <0.001, <0.001
Cardiac surgery
3089 (10)
1212 (16)
294 (6)
1 (0)
1582 (11)
Cardiology
4566 (15)
137 (2)
1296 (26)
0 (0)
3133 (21)
Neurology
1962 (6)
770 (10)
702 (14)
1 (0)
489 (3)
Neurosurgery
1836 (6)
858 (11)
731 (14)
1 (0)
246 (2)
Oncology
1296 (4)
103 (1)
2 (0)
0 (0)
1191 (8)
Pulmonary and critical care
1883 (6)
391 (5)
1478 (29)
0 (0)
14 (0)
Thoracic surgery
410 (1)
163 (2)
3 (0)
0 (0)
244 (2)
Transplant
1662 (5)
163 (2)
12 (0)
1 (0)
1486 (10)
Vascular surgery
1099 (4)
663 (9)
7 (0)
1 (0)
428 (3)
Other accepting services
12397 (39)
2515 (32)
527 (11)
4162 (99)
5193 (36)
Abbreviations: CCRU, critical care resuscitation unit; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; min, minutes; NA, not applicable; km, kilometers; SD, standard deviation; UMMC, University of Maryland Medical Center. All UMMC units do not include pediatric or trauma patients. ICU patients are separate from CCRU. #Transport type was only indicated for patients transferred after July 2016. ^Indicates that the top group of -values was calculated excluding the unknown or other/unknown group and that the bottom group of -values was calculated with the unknown or other/unknown groups with either Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. †Bold cells indicate statistically significant findings ().-values are written as ,, where: vs. ICU vs. ED vs. other inpatient units.
